Micro- and Nanotechnology Applied on Eco-friendly Smart Textiles

Abstract

Smart textiles are materials designed to sense or respond to certain environmental stimuli, thus gaining special functions. Nanotechnology plays a fundamental role in the functionalization of fabrics. Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles or nanocomposites are used to give antibacterial and deodorizing properties, UV protection, conductivity, and hydrophobicity to such textiles. On the other hand, micro- and nano-vehiculization allow smart textiles to release drugs, cosmetic ingredients, or fragrances in a controlled way. Micro- and nanotechnology are not indifferent to the current environmental pollution problems. In the last years, biosynthesis of nanoparticles through the use of microorganisms and plant extracts has gained ground to other techniques that use toxic and hazardous reagents. Likewise, the use of biopolymers as the base of the encapsulation systems is of vital importance in the development of eco-sustainable smart textiles. The aim of this chapter is to review the current developments related with the obtaining, characterization, and performance of micro- and nanofinishes to obtain eco-friendly smart textile.