Estudiar, escribir y aprender en universidades australianas

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Fecha
03/2010
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Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador
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1317-5920
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Con el propósito de conocer qué ocurre en las universidades australianas con la lectura y escritura que sus estudiantes realizan en las materias, analizo un corpus documental correspondiente a doce universidades: sus sitios de Internet, artículos publicados por sus docentes, actas de congresos y simposios educativos realizados en la región entre 1995 y 2005, etc. Estas instituciones han desarrollado políticas, investigaciones y acciones pedagógicas para integrar la alfabetización académica en cada asignatura. Este enfoque, difundido en los ‘90, considera que la educación superior debe permitir a los alumnos apropiarse de las prácticas discursivas disciplinares y que la universidad tiene que ayudarlos a desarrollar procedimientos de estudio para seguir aprendiendo autónomamente después de egresar. Sostiene que la formación universitaria demanda tareas y procesos de lectura y escritura distintos a los del nivel secundario y plantea enseñarlos, ya que no se logran espontáneamente. Los profesores deben facilitar el ingreso de sus alumnos a la cultura y el discurso de las disciplinas y, para ello, promover que adquieran estrategias de estudio adecuadas. Sistematizo el recorrido de las instituciones para llegar a este enfoque y detallo experiencias docentes en las que se materializan los principios enunciados.
With the aim of identifying what Australian universities do regarding students’ reading and writing in the disciplines, I analize a corpus of documents corresponding to twelve: universities: their web sites, articles published by their teachers, regional conference proceedings between 1995 and 2005, etc. Australian higher education has a rich experience in developing policies and actions to integrate communication and learning procedures into subject teaching. This approach, which emerged during the 1990’s, postulates that undergraduates need to learn the discourse of their field of study, as well as develop lifelong learning skills. It is acknowledged that college studies require their own literacy skills, which differ from the ones fostered in high school. University reading and writing procedures should be taught since they are not learnt spontaneously. Teachers must take responsibility for helping students develop academic literacy, which entails managing appropriate strategies for learning and coping with the particular discourse and culture of each discipline. This paper develops the historical process undergone by the universities with respect to this approach. Finally, some teaching experiences related to this viewpoint are reviewed.
With the aim of identifying what Australian universities do regarding students’ reading and writing in the disciplines, I analize a corpus of documents corresponding to twelve: universities: their web sites, articles published by their teachers, regional conference proceedings between 1995 and 2005, etc. Australian higher education has a rich experience in developing policies and actions to integrate communication and learning procedures into subject teaching. This approach, which emerged during the 1990’s, postulates that undergraduates need to learn the discourse of their field of study, as well as develop lifelong learning skills. It is acknowledged that college studies require their own literacy skills, which differ from the ones fostered in high school. University reading and writing procedures should be taught since they are not learnt spontaneously. Teachers must take responsibility for helping students develop academic literacy, which entails managing appropriate strategies for learning and coping with the particular discourse and culture of each discipline. This paper develops the historical process undergone by the universities with respect to this approach. Finally, some teaching experiences related to this viewpoint are reviewed.
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