Revisión sistemática de intervenciones no farmacológicas sobre la calidad subjetiva del sueño en población de adultos mayores
; Irrazabal, Natalia Carolina
; Feldberg, Carolina 
Otros responsables
Fecha
03/2026
Editorial
Universidad Católica Boliviana
Revista
Ajayu
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ISSN
2077-3161
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Español
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Resumen
Los trastornos del sueño presentan una alta prevalencia en adultos mayores y se asocian a un impacto negativo en la salud. Frente a los riesgos del uso prolongado de hipnóticos, las intervenciones no farmacológicas constituyen una alternativa terapéutica eficaz. El objetivo es describir los distintos tipos de intervenciones no farmacológicas dirigidas al sueño en adultos mayores y analizar su efecto sobre la calidad subjetiva del sueño mediante una revisión sistemática de artículos de los últimos 10 años. La búsqueda se realizó en español e inglés en PubMed, Scopus y SciELO con criterios de inclusión como participantes de más de 60 años, sin deterioro cognitivo y con medidas subjetivas de sueño. Tras identificar 1.417 registros, se seleccionaron 16 estudios. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada, observándose un riesgo de sesgo bajo a moderado en la mayoría de los trabajos. Las intervenciones analizadas demostraron ser consistentemente eficaces para mejorar la calidad subjetiva del sueño. Se agruparon en tres categorías principales: Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual para el Insomnio, ejercicio físico y terapias complementarias. La evidencia respalda la eficacia de las intervenciones no farmacológicas para el sueño en adultos mayores. Sin embargo, la escasez de estudios latinoamericanos y publicaciones en español y la falta de metaanálisis limitan la generalización de los hallazgos.
Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in older adults and are associated with a negative impact on health. Given the risks of prolonged use of hypnotics, non-pharmacological interventions are an effective therapeutic alternative. The objective is to describe the different types of nonpharmacological interventions targeting sleep in older adults and to analyze their effect on subjective sleep quality through a systematic review of articles from the last 10 years. The search was conducted in Spanish and English in PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO with inclusion criteria such as participants over 60 years of age, without cognitive impairment, and with subjective sleep measures. After identifying 1,417 records, 16 studies were selected. The methodological quality was evaluated, with a low to moderate risk of bias in most of the studies. The interventions analyzed proved to be consistently effective in improving subjective sleep quality. They were grouped into three main categories: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, physical exercise, and complementary therapies. The evidence supports the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for sleep in older adults. However, the scarcity of Latin American studies and publications in Spanish and the lack of meta-analyses limit the generalization of the findings.
Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in older adults and are associated with a negative impact on health. Given the risks of prolonged use of hypnotics, non-pharmacological interventions are an effective therapeutic alternative. The objective is to describe the different types of nonpharmacological interventions targeting sleep in older adults and to analyze their effect on subjective sleep quality through a systematic review of articles from the last 10 years. The search was conducted in Spanish and English in PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO with inclusion criteria such as participants over 60 years of age, without cognitive impairment, and with subjective sleep measures. After identifying 1,417 records, 16 studies were selected. The methodological quality was evaluated, with a low to moderate risk of bias in most of the studies. The interventions analyzed proved to be consistently effective in improving subjective sleep quality. They were grouped into three main categories: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, physical exercise, and complementary therapies. The evidence supports the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for sleep in older adults. However, the scarcity of Latin American studies and publications in Spanish and the lack of meta-analyses limit the generalization of the findings.
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