La escuela de Chicago y los enfoques cualitativos: términos y conceptos metodológicos

Otros responsables
Fecha
01/2011
Editorial
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Revista
Papers
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0210-2862
eISSN
2013-9004
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Español
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Resumen
Frecuentemente, se atribuye a la Escuela de Chicago un lugar central en el desarrollo de las técnicas cualitativas de investigación social. Por otra parte, se reconoce en la sociología norteamericana que esta escuela ocupó un lugar relativamente hegemónico en la disciplina durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930, valiéndose del American Journal of Sociology como principal instrumento de difusión de sus investigaciones empíricas, líneas teóricas y metodológicas. Pero aquellos que han estudiado la historia de los métodos sociológicos, y en particular los desarrollados por esta escuela, han puesto en cuestión que se trate realmente de métodos cualitativos en el sentido actual. Teniendo esta tensión problemática como marco de referencia, en este trabajo se propone —a partir de un rastreo de los artículos publicados en esa revista en la década de 1920— indagar los usos y los sentidos que se le atribuían a las expresiones que habitualmente se reconocen como denotativas de un enfoque cualitativo: case study, fieldwork, field research, participant observer y otras afines.
The Chicago School of Sociology is usually regarded as crucial in the development of the qualitative techniques of research. Moreover, it is widely accepted that it played a rather hegemonic role in American sociology during the 1920’s and 1930’s, using the American Journal of Sociology as the main tool for the dissemination of its empirical research, and its theoretical and methodological approaches. However, those who have studied the history of the sociological methods in detail, contest that those developed by the Chicagoans were truly qualitative in the current sense. Taking into account this problematic issue, this article explores, by reviewing articles published in the above-mentioned Journal during the 1920’s, the uses and meanings attached to terms usually regarded as denotative of a qualitative approach: case study, fieldwork, field research, participant observer, among others.
The Chicago School of Sociology is usually regarded as crucial in the development of the qualitative techniques of research. Moreover, it is widely accepted that it played a rather hegemonic role in American sociology during the 1920’s and 1930’s, using the American Journal of Sociology as the main tool for the dissemination of its empirical research, and its theoretical and methodological approaches. However, those who have studied the history of the sociological methods in detail, contest that those developed by the Chicagoans were truly qualitative in the current sense. Taking into account this problematic issue, this article explores, by reviewing articles published in the above-mentioned Journal during the 1920’s, the uses and meanings attached to terms usually regarded as denotative of a qualitative approach: case study, fieldwork, field research, participant observer, among others.
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