Violencias y climas sociales en escuelas medias: experiencias de docentes y directivos

Otros responsables
Fecha
09/2011
Editorial
Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação
Revista
Educação e Pesquisa
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
1517-9702
eISSN
1678-4634
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Español
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Resumen
En el artículo se presenta parte de los resultados de la tesis doctoral del autor, en la que analiza los tipos de climas sociales dominantes en relación a los cuales los sujetos construyen sus experiencias en escuelas medias públicas, tomando como analizador las prácticas y sentidos desplegados por los mismos en torno a las violencias escolares.Metodología: En el trabajo de campo, desarrollado entre 2005 y 2007 en dos escuelas medias públicas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, combinó tres técnicas de investigación social de tipo cualitativo: observaciones participantes, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales (focus group). Para la determinación de la muestra (muestreo teórico) y el análisis del corpus construido siguió los lineamientos generales de la teoría fundamentada (grounded theory), utilizando como herramienta informática auxiliar el programa Atlas.ti 5.0.Resultados: El artículo se organiza en torno a dos de las categorías centrales identificadas: a) violencias escolares y b) crisis de la institución y de la autoridad escolar. En las dos primeras secciones se presentan las categorías emergentes de los discursos y prácticas de docentes y directivos, dialogando con herramientas conceptuales de la teoría social contemporánea y otras investigaciones sobre la temática. Finalmente, se propone una articulación entre las mismas, sintetizando las principales características y vinculaciones entre los dos tipos de clima social escolar dominantes en ambas instituciones: desubjetivante e integracionista-normativo.
The article presents some of the results of the author’s doctorate thesis, in which he analyzes the types of dominant social climates in respect to which the subjects build their experiences in public secondary schools, using as a guiding thread the practices and meanings developed by them around the incidents of school violence. The fieldwork, conducted between 2005 and 2007 at two public secondary schools from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, combined three qualitative techniques of social investigation: participant observations, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The determination of the sample (theoretical sampling) and the analysis of the corpus constructed followed the general guidelines of the grounded theory, using as an auxiliary computer tool the software Atlas.ti 5.0. The article is organized around two of the central categories identified: a) school violence; b) crises of the institution and of the school authority. In the first two sections, the categories emerging from the practices and discourses of the teachers and principals are presented, in a dialogue with conceptual tools from the contemporary social theory and from other investigations on the subject. Finally, an articulation is proposed between them, bringing together the main features and connections between the two types of school social climate dominant in both institutions: de-subjectivating and normative-integrationist.
The article presents some of the results of the author’s doctorate thesis, in which he analyzes the types of dominant social climates in respect to which the subjects build their experiences in public secondary schools, using as a guiding thread the practices and meanings developed by them around the incidents of school violence. The fieldwork, conducted between 2005 and 2007 at two public secondary schools from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, combined three qualitative techniques of social investigation: participant observations, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The determination of the sample (theoretical sampling) and the analysis of the corpus constructed followed the general guidelines of the grounded theory, using as an auxiliary computer tool the software Atlas.ti 5.0. The article is organized around two of the central categories identified: a) school violence; b) crises of the institution and of the school authority. In the first two sections, the categories emerging from the practices and discourses of the teachers and principals are presented, in a dialogue with conceptual tools from the contemporary social theory and from other investigations on the subject. Finally, an articulation is proposed between them, bringing together the main features and connections between the two types of school social climate dominant in both institutions: de-subjectivating and normative-integrationist.
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