Relationship of Chronic Stress and Hypertension with Bone Resorption

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Chronic exposure to stress has been considered arisk factor for hypertension, which is also associated with increased bone resorption.This review aimed to investigate the effect of acute and chronic stress, associated withhypertension, on the skeletal system. Methods: A comprehensive search was conductedacross multiple databases, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published in English. Weinclude experimental, clinical, and peer-reviewed studies focused on the relationshipbetween stress, hypertension, and bone resorption. Searches were conducted in MEDLINEvia PubMed, Embase and Scopus, with the last search completed on 10 September 2024.Results: The main topics include situations that favor bone loss, such as psychologicalstress, which can lead to osteoporotic fractures through immunological and endocrinemechanisms. The relationship between psychological stress and loss of bone density,as in osteoporosis, occurs due to the reduction in the number of osteoblasts and loss inthe balance between physiological formation/resorption. Conclusions: Chronic stresssignificantly affects cardiovascular health and bone resorption. This narrative review studyhighlights the vulnerability of the skeletal system, along with the cardiovascular system, toprolonged stress, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary strategies in preventing stressrelatedconditions. Effective stress management can help reduce the risks of cardiovasculardisease and bone resorption, emphasizing their role in comprehensive health care.