La construcción social de la feminidad y masculinidad como expresiones de la diversidad de géneros en adolescentes de escuelas secundarias
; Aleman, Zoe Marlene Otros responsables
Fecha
07/2024
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Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
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Temas de Mujeres
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1668-8600
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El presente trabajo expone avances en el marco del proyecto de investigación “Los obstáculos y las posibilidades de la Educación Sexual Integral en jóvenes de educación secundaria en la provincia de Jujuy” (SeCTER/UNJu-CONICET). La metodología empleada en la investigación se basa en entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas a estudiantes de educación secundaria de la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy, provenientes de zonas urbanas y rurales, de instituciones públicas. La unidad de análisis la constituyen un total de treinta y ocho entrevistas individuales, efectuadas a varones y mujeres de entre 13 a 19 años. La muestra estuvo compuesta por adolescentes de 16 años en adelante. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las formas en que los/as adolescentes de escuelas secundarias, comprenden y significan las nociones de feminidad y masculinidad, cuestionando las categorías de género tradicionalmente establecidas. Para ello, se buscó explorar las influencias y discursos que configuran sus percepciones, sobre cómo se posicionan frente a los roles de género en un contexto en el que, por un lado, persisten las estructuras normativas y, por otro, emergen nuevas formas de conceptualizar las identidades de género. En este contexto, la pregunta central que guía el artículo es: ¿cómo comprenden y significan las nociones de feminidad y masculinidad los/as adolescentes de escuelas secundarias, y cómo influyen en sus identidades y comportamientos? Respecto a los resultados obtenidos, observamos una heterogeneidad de expresiones, por un lado, en donde prevalece una concepción binaria de los géneros, en la que los roles de hombre y mujer se expresan de forma binaria, en especial en adolescentes provenientes de contextos y familias conservadoras. Esta percepción binaria, que aún persiste con fuerza en muchos contextos, limita la posibilidad de una comprensión más flexible, diversa e inclusiva de las identidades de género, conduciendo a adoptar representaciones estereotipadas sobre lo que significa ser "hombre" o "mujer". Y por otro lado, están quienes reconocen la diversidad de expresiones sexuales a las cuales luego les asignan y atribuyen un sentido de género que trasciende la cuestión biológica, y ponen énfasis en dimensiones simbólicas de las diversidades de género. Así, se encontraron relatos que difieren de las creencias que sustentan la masculinidad y feminidad desde una perspectiva conservadora, tradicional y patriarcal. El trabajo analiza tres dimensiones, a saber, 1) El género como construcción social 2) ¿Aprender a ser hombres, aprender a ser mujeres? La construcción hegemónica de la masculinidad y la feminidad, y 3) construcciones de los/as adolescentes en torno a las categorías de feminidad y masculinidad.
This paper presents advances in the framework of the research project “Obstacles and possibilities of Comprehensive Sexual Education in secondary school students in the province of Jujuy” (SeCTER/UNJu-CONICET). The methodology used in the research is based on semistructured interviews with high school students in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy, from urban and rural areas, from public institutions. The unit of analysis consisted of a total of thirty-eight individual interviews, carried out with males and females between 13 and 19 years of age. The sample was composed of adolescents aged 16 and older. The objective of this article is to analyze the ways in which adolescents in secondary schools understand and signify the notions of femininity and masculinity, questioning the traditionally established gender categories. To this end, we sought to explore the influences and discourses that shape their perceptions of how they position themselves in relation to gender roles in a context in which, on the one hand, normative structures persist and, on the other, new ways of conceptualizing gender identities emerge. In this context, the central question guiding the article is: how do adolescents in secondary schools understand and signify the notions of femininity and masculinity, and how do they influence their identities and behaviors? Regarding the results obtained, we observed a heterogeneity of expressions, on the one hand, where a binary conception of genders prevails, in which the roles of man and woman are expressed in a binary way, especially in adolescents coming from conservative contexts and families. This binary perception, which still persists strongly in many contexts, limits the possibility of a more flexible, diverse and inclusive understanding of gender identities, leading to the adoption of stereotypical representations of what it means to be “man” or “woman”. On the other hand, there are those who recognize the diversity of sexual expressions to which they then assign and attribute a sense of gender that transcends the biological issue, and emphasize symbolic dimensions of gender diversity. Thus, narratives were found that differ from the beliefs that sustain masculinity and femininity from a conservative, traditional and patriarchal perspective. The paper analyzes three dimensions, namely, 1) Gender as a social construction 2) Learning to be men, learning to be women? The hegemonic construction of masculinity and femininity, and 3) adolescents' constructions of the categories of femininity and masculinity.
This paper presents advances in the framework of the research project “Obstacles and possibilities of Comprehensive Sexual Education in secondary school students in the province of Jujuy” (SeCTER/UNJu-CONICET). The methodology used in the research is based on semistructured interviews with high school students in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy, from urban and rural areas, from public institutions. The unit of analysis consisted of a total of thirty-eight individual interviews, carried out with males and females between 13 and 19 years of age. The sample was composed of adolescents aged 16 and older. The objective of this article is to analyze the ways in which adolescents in secondary schools understand and signify the notions of femininity and masculinity, questioning the traditionally established gender categories. To this end, we sought to explore the influences and discourses that shape their perceptions of how they position themselves in relation to gender roles in a context in which, on the one hand, normative structures persist and, on the other, new ways of conceptualizing gender identities emerge. In this context, the central question guiding the article is: how do adolescents in secondary schools understand and signify the notions of femininity and masculinity, and how do they influence their identities and behaviors? Regarding the results obtained, we observed a heterogeneity of expressions, on the one hand, where a binary conception of genders prevails, in which the roles of man and woman are expressed in a binary way, especially in adolescents coming from conservative contexts and families. This binary perception, which still persists strongly in many contexts, limits the possibility of a more flexible, diverse and inclusive understanding of gender identities, leading to the adoption of stereotypical representations of what it means to be “man” or “woman”. On the other hand, there are those who recognize the diversity of sexual expressions to which they then assign and attribute a sense of gender that transcends the biological issue, and emphasize symbolic dimensions of gender diversity. Thus, narratives were found that differ from the beliefs that sustain masculinity and femininity from a conservative, traditional and patriarchal perspective. The paper analyzes three dimensions, namely, 1) Gender as a social construction 2) Learning to be men, learning to be women? The hegemonic construction of masculinity and femininity, and 3) adolescents' constructions of the categories of femininity and masculinity.
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