Memorias dolorosas, memorias del dolor: Reflexiones y debates mapuche sobre la restitución de restos humanos Mapuche-Tehuelche en la Patagonia Argentina

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Fecha
10/2018
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Universidad Católica del Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas
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Estudios Atacameños
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0718-1043
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Desde el año 2013 el gobierno de la provincia de Chubut ‒Patagonia argentina‒ impulsó varias restituciones de restos humanos indígenas en las que participaron numerosas comunidades mapuche y mapuche-tehuelche de la provincia; entre ellas, algunas de la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42° ‒ noroeste de Chubut y sudoeste de Río Negro–. Este artículo examina la dinámica y reflexiones que este proceso fue generando entre los mapuche de esta región comarcal. Dinámicas y reflexiones que fueron encuadradas en clave de “memorias dolorosas” en el marco de históricos reclamos territoriales y de procesos de reafirmación de subjetividades y derechos indígenas. El propósito del trabajo es mostrar cómo en estos procesos, “restos” que parecían formar parte de un patrimonio inerte fueron vitalmente refigurados, iluminando la historicidad y las tensiones de la geografía física y social del espacio y las violencias, continuidades e interrupciones que la han constituido. Para ello analiza el desplazamiento producido desde la noción de “restos humanos indígenas” como “objeto patrimonial” a “memorias dolorosas y del dolor”; examina las nociones que esas “memorias del dolor” propiciaron para repensar experiencias indígenas, y describe los vínculos y la construcción de lo “común” que se pusieron en juego en el marco de ciertas tensiones emergentes.
Since 2013 the government of Chubut province, Patagonia Argentina, prompted several restitutions of indigenous human remains in which many Mapuche and Mapuche-tehuelche communities of this province participated, including some of the Andean Region of Parallel 42° ‒Chubut northwest and southwest of Río Negro. This article examines the dynamics and reflections that this process was generating among Mapuche of this local region. Dynamics and reflections that were framed like painful memories in the context of historical land claims and reaffirmation processes of subjectivities and indigenous rights. The purpose of this paper is to show how in these processes, “remains” that seemed part of an inert heritage were vitally refigured, illuminating the historicity and tensions of physical and social geography of space and the violence, continuities and disruptions that have formed it. It analyzes the displacement produced from the notion of “indigenous human remains” as “heritage object” to “painful memories and of pain”, examines the concepts from which these “painful memories” allowed rethink indigenous experiences and describes the links and the construction of the “common” that put into play in the context of certain emerging tensions.
Since 2013 the government of Chubut province, Patagonia Argentina, prompted several restitutions of indigenous human remains in which many Mapuche and Mapuche-tehuelche communities of this province participated, including some of the Andean Region of Parallel 42° ‒Chubut northwest and southwest of Río Negro. This article examines the dynamics and reflections that this process was generating among Mapuche of this local region. Dynamics and reflections that were framed like painful memories in the context of historical land claims and reaffirmation processes of subjectivities and indigenous rights. The purpose of this paper is to show how in these processes, “remains” that seemed part of an inert heritage were vitally refigured, illuminating the historicity and tensions of physical and social geography of space and the violence, continuities and disruptions that have formed it. It analyzes the displacement produced from the notion of “indigenous human remains” as “heritage object” to “painful memories and of pain”, examines the concepts from which these “painful memories” allowed rethink indigenous experiences and describes the links and the construction of the “common” that put into play in the context of certain emerging tensions.
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