Barreras y facilitadores en la implementación del Programa Nacional de prevención del cáncer colorrectal: Una evaluación cualitativa desde la perspectiva del personal de salud

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Fecha
2025-07-30
Editorial
Medicina (Buenos Aires)
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Medicina (Buenos Aires)
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ISSN
0025-7680
eISSN
1669-9106
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Español
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Resumen
Introducción: En 2013, Argentina creó un Programa Nacional de Prevención y Detección Temprana del Cáncer Colorrectal (CCR). Una década después, la incidencia de este cáncer sigue en aumento, con bajas tasas de tamizaje y diagnósticos tardíos. Este estudio analiza las barreras y facilitadores de la implementación del programa en un municipio del conurbano bonaerense. Materiales y métodos: Investigación cualitativa, con muestreo intencional de personal de salud invo- lucrado en la gestión e implementación del programa en Florencio Varela. Se recopilaron datos a través de 13 entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y 2 grupales, realizadas entre mayo y noviembre de 2022, las cuales fueron transcritas, codificadas y analizadas con un enfoque inductivo-deductivo basado en el Marco Consolidado para la Investigación de Implementación. Resultados: Entre las barreras identificadas se en- cuentran los factores político-económicos (falta de continuidad de políticas sanitarias, fragmentación del sistema de salud, desfinanciamiento por cambios gubernamentales), limitación de recursos (acceso insuficiente a videocolonoscopía), desconocimiento y falta de con- cientización sobre el tamizaje por parte de la población. Entre los facilitadores, se destacan la compatibilidad del programa con las actividades de los centros de salud, su receptividad por parte de los equipos y el compromiso de estos con la población. Discusión: Se reconocieron numerosos facilitadores de la implementación, aunque no fueron lo suficientemente robustos como para superar los aspectos que afectaron la discontinuidad del programa. Varias de las barreras identificadas reflejan obstáculos estructurales comunes a otros programas de salud, cuyo abordaje es clave para una implementación sostenida en contextos similares.
Introduction: In 2013, Argentina launched a National Program for the Prevention and Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). A decade later, the incidence of this cancer continues to rise, with low screening coverage rates and late-stage diagnoses. This study examines the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the program in a municipality within the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. Materials and methods: A qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling of healthcare person-nel involved in the management and implementation of the program in Florencio Varela. Data were collected between May and November 2022 through 13 individual semi-structured interviews and 2 group interviews, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using an inductivedeductive approach based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results: Identi!ed barriers included political and economic factors (lack of continuity in healthcare policies, fragmentation of the healthcare system, underfunding due to governmental changes), resource limitations (insuf!cient access to colonoscopy), and low awareness and lack of public knowledge about CRC screening. Facilitators included the program’s compatibility with the activities of primary care centers, its acceptance by healthcare teams, and their strong commitment to the community. Discussion: Numerous implementation facilitators were identi!ed; however, they were not robust enough to overcome the factors contributing to the program’s discontinuation. Several identi!ed barriers re"ect structural obstacles common to other health programs, whose resolution is key to sustained implementation in similar contexts.
Introduction: In 2013, Argentina launched a National Program for the Prevention and Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). A decade later, the incidence of this cancer continues to rise, with low screening coverage rates and late-stage diagnoses. This study examines the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the program in a municipality within the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. Materials and methods: A qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling of healthcare person-nel involved in the management and implementation of the program in Florencio Varela. Data were collected between May and November 2022 through 13 individual semi-structured interviews and 2 group interviews, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using an inductivedeductive approach based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results: Identi!ed barriers included political and economic factors (lack of continuity in healthcare policies, fragmentation of the healthcare system, underfunding due to governmental changes), resource limitations (insuf!cient access to colonoscopy), and low awareness and lack of public knowledge about CRC screening. Facilitators included the program’s compatibility with the activities of primary care centers, its acceptance by healthcare teams, and their strong commitment to the community. Discussion: Numerous implementation facilitators were identi!ed; however, they were not robust enough to overcome the factors contributing to the program’s discontinuation. Several identi!ed barriers re"ect structural obstacles common to other health programs, whose resolution is key to sustained implementation in similar contexts.
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