La resolución de problemas en la formación del profesorado en Ciencias: análisis de las opiniones y estrategias de los estudiantes
; Maturano Arrabal, Carla Inés Otros responsables
Fecha
11/2013
Editorial
Universidad de Cádiz
Revista
Revista Eureka sobre Enseñanza y Divulgación de las Ciencias
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ISSN
1697-011X
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Español
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Resumen
En la formación inicial de docentes en Ciencias confluyen aspectos que se relacionan con la disciplina específica y con la formación didáctica. La resolución de problemas conjugaría ambos aspectos, constituyendo un recurso didáctico que influye en el proceso de formación inicial y en el futuro desempeño docente. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las opiniones y las estrategias que mencionan los estudiantes, futuros docentes de Ciencias, en relación con la resolución de problemas. Para favorecer la explicitación de las ideas de los estudiantes utilizamos una técnica de frases incompletas partiendo del tronco verbal: Cuando resuelvo problemas intento. La muestra está constituida por estudiantes de los primeros años de los profesorados en Física y en Química de la UNSJ (Argentina). Las respuestas se vinculan especialmente con las habilidades cognitivas implicadas en la tarea, con la necesidad de consultar diferentes fuentes y se refieren en todos los casos a problemas cerrados en cuya resolución priorizan la etapa de identificación de datos. De los resultados obtenidos, referidos al concepto de problema que se infiere y a las estrategias que utilizan en su resolución, surgen cuestionamientos sobre la forma en que se está abordando la resolución de problemas en la formación inicial docente.
Initial teaching training in Science implies dealing with aspects related to both the specific discipline and the pedagogic formation. Problem solving would bring together both aspects, constituting a didactic resource that has an influence on the process of initial teaching formation and on the prospective teacher performance. This study aims at finding out the opinions and strategies which a group of students, who are prospective teachers of Science, give when solving problems. To help the students make explicit their ideas, a technique consisting on incomplete phrases, such as: «When I solve a problem I try…» was used. The sample is constituted by students attending the first years of the careers of Physics and Chemistry at Universidad Nacional de San Juan (Argentina). The students' answers appear to be specially related to both the cognitive skills needed to perform the task and the need of using different sources, and, in every case, they refer to close problems whose resolution implies prioritizing the stage of data identification. The results obtained, from the problem concept that is inferred and from the strategies that are used during the solving of the problem, question the way in which problem solving is approached in the initial teaching training stage.
Initial teaching training in Science implies dealing with aspects related to both the specific discipline and the pedagogic formation. Problem solving would bring together both aspects, constituting a didactic resource that has an influence on the process of initial teaching formation and on the prospective teacher performance. This study aims at finding out the opinions and strategies which a group of students, who are prospective teachers of Science, give when solving problems. To help the students make explicit their ideas, a technique consisting on incomplete phrases, such as: «When I solve a problem I try…» was used. The sample is constituted by students attending the first years of the careers of Physics and Chemistry at Universidad Nacional de San Juan (Argentina). The students' answers appear to be specially related to both the cognitive skills needed to perform the task and the need of using different sources, and, in every case, they refer to close problems whose resolution implies prioritizing the stage of data identification. The results obtained, from the problem concept that is inferred and from the strategies that are used during the solving of the problem, question the way in which problem solving is approached in the initial teaching training stage.
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