Características químicas determinan la capacidad micotrófica arbuscular de suelos agrícolas y prístinos de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
; Eyherabide, Mercedes ; Sainz Rozas, Hernan Rene
; Echeverria, Hernan Eduardo Otros responsables
Fecha
05/2012
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de la Ciencia del Suelo
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Ciencia del Suelo
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0326-3169
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Resumen
Los suelos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) presentan muy buenas características físicas y químicas para la producción agrícola, así como elevada diversidad microbiana. Sin embargo la continua explotación agrícola del suelo, con permanente extracción de nutrientes, aceleró su degradación, afectó su fertilidad natural y las poblaciones microbianas potencialmente benéficas como los hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (MA), aspecto que ha sido poco explorado. El objetivo ha sido identificar cambios en el contenido de nutrientes en suelos sometidos a manejo agrícola contrastante que podrían incidir en la capacidad micotrófica de los hongos MA. Se colectaron muestras de suelo de 29 sitios de la Provincia de Buenos Aires bajo manejo agrícola, o sin uso (prístino). Se determinaron las características químicas (CIC, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, P-Bray, CO y pH), así como el grado de micorrización nativa, luego de 12 semanas desde la instalación de cultivos trampa. Los valores de las características químicas fueron, en general, mayores para los sitios prístinos que para los que estuvieron bajo agricultura. Sin embargo, la intensidad de micorrización no fue significativamente diferente en relación al manejo del suelo. El análisis de componentes principales permitió agrupar por una parte los sitios que se encontraban bajo agricultura y por otra parte los sitios prístinos. El contenido de P disponible en el suelo, juntamente con el contenido de Fe parecerían ser los principales depresores de la capacidad micotrófica de los suelos analizados, particularmente en condiciones de moderado-bajo contenido de Carbono Orgánico.
The soils of Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) have very good physical and chemical properties for agricultural production, and also a high microbial diversity. However, the continuous cropping of agricultural soils with a high nutrient removal rate has accelerated its degradation. Consequently, the soils’ natural fertility and the beneficial microbial populations such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be affected. The objective of this study was to identify changes in the nutrient content in soils under contrasting managements (agricultural vs. pristine) that could influence the mycotrophic ability of AMF. Soil samples were collected from 29 agricultural sites in Buenos Aires Province under cropped and non-cropped (pristine) systems. Chemical characteristics were determined (CIC, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, P-Bray, CO and pH) in composed samples collected from each field. Mycotrophic ability was estimated by assessing the degree of root colonization by native mycorrhiza in trap crops after 12 weeks of sowing. The values of chemical properties were generally higher for pristine sites than for agricultural plots. However, the mycotrophic ability did not differ between cropped and pristine soils. The principal component analysis allowed grouping field sites under agriculture or pristine conditions. Soil available P content, together with Fe and to a lesser extent Mn content- seemed to depress the mycotrophic ability of the analyzed soil, particularly under moderate to low organic carbon contents conditions.
The soils of Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) have very good physical and chemical properties for agricultural production, and also a high microbial diversity. However, the continuous cropping of agricultural soils with a high nutrient removal rate has accelerated its degradation. Consequently, the soils’ natural fertility and the beneficial microbial populations such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be affected. The objective of this study was to identify changes in the nutrient content in soils under contrasting managements (agricultural vs. pristine) that could influence the mycotrophic ability of AMF. Soil samples were collected from 29 agricultural sites in Buenos Aires Province under cropped and non-cropped (pristine) systems. Chemical characteristics were determined (CIC, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, P-Bray, CO and pH) in composed samples collected from each field. Mycotrophic ability was estimated by assessing the degree of root colonization by native mycorrhiza in trap crops after 12 weeks of sowing. The values of chemical properties were generally higher for pristine sites than for agricultural plots. However, the mycotrophic ability did not differ between cropped and pristine soils. The principal component analysis allowed grouping field sites under agriculture or pristine conditions. Soil available P content, together with Fe and to a lesser extent Mn content- seemed to depress the mycotrophic ability of the analyzed soil, particularly under moderate to low organic carbon contents conditions.
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