Diseño y preparación de matrices poliméricas porosas para ingeniería de tejidos biológicos
; Caracciolo, Pablo Christian
; Buffa, Fabián Alejandro ; Cuadrado, Teresita Raquel 
Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2017
Editorial
Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
Revista
Anales de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales de Buenos Aires
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0365-1185
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
La ingeniería de tejidos constituye actualmente una de las áreas de investigación multi e interdisciplinaria más atractivas. El tratamiento de diversas lesiones mediante la reparación o regeneración de tejidos funcionales y órganos ofrece una alternativa a la cirugía reconstructiva y al transplante de órganos. Entre otros componentes fundamentales, la ingeniería de tejidos requiere biomateriales específicos, tales como andamiajes o matrices extracelulares artificiales altamente porosas, con capacidad para estimular las funciones celulares de adhesión, migración, crecimiento, diferenciación y organización de tejidos. Los factores que gobiernan las propiedades de las matrices son complejos e incluyen la composición química, arquitectura espacial, propiedades mecánicas y superficiales, degradación y composición de los componentes biológicos y el cambio de estos factores con el tiempo. Las matrices deben proporcionar inicialmente propiedades mecánicas adecuadas para sustituir la función mecánica del tejido dañado. Además, la arquitectura de la matriz tiene que permitir la fijación celular y posterior migración dentro de la matriz, transferencia de masa de metabolitos y suficiente espacio para la vascularización y remodelación de la matriz de tejido organizado. En este trabajo se presentan las claves principales del diseño y preparación de matrices poliméricas, las últimas estrategias desarrolladas y los nuevos desafíos que se plantean en este campo. Asimismo se describen y analizan diversos aspectos relacionados con los biomateriales poliméricos y las técnicas de procesamiento de matrices, enfocando el tema desde la visión de la ciencia e ingeniería de biomateriales.
Nowadays, tissue engineering is one of the most attractive interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research fields. The treatment of several lesions by repairing or regenerating functional tissues and organs offers an alternative for reconstructive surgery and organ transplantation. Among other main components, tissue engineering requires of specific biomaterials, such as highly-porous artificial extracellular matrices or scaffolds, with the ability to stimulate the cellular functions of adhesion, migration, growth, differentiation and tissue organization. The factors governing scaffold properties are complex and include chemical composition, architecture, mechanical and surface properties, degradation and composition of the biological components, and the changes in these factors with time. Scaffolds must provide sufficient initial mechanical properties to substitute the mechanical function of the diseased or damaged tissue. Moreover, the scaffold architecture has to allow cell attachment and subsequent migration into the matrix, mass transfer of metabolites, and sufficient space for development of a vascular network and remodelling of organized tissue matrix. In this work, the main key elements about the design and preparation of polymeric scaffolds, the latest developed strategies, and the new challenges in this field, are presented. Several aspects related to polymeric biomaterials and polymer-scaffold processing techniques are also described and analyzed, focussing the discussion from the biomaterials science and engineering point of view.
Nowadays, tissue engineering is one of the most attractive interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research fields. The treatment of several lesions by repairing or regenerating functional tissues and organs offers an alternative for reconstructive surgery and organ transplantation. Among other main components, tissue engineering requires of specific biomaterials, such as highly-porous artificial extracellular matrices or scaffolds, with the ability to stimulate the cellular functions of adhesion, migration, growth, differentiation and tissue organization. The factors governing scaffold properties are complex and include chemical composition, architecture, mechanical and surface properties, degradation and composition of the biological components, and the changes in these factors with time. Scaffolds must provide sufficient initial mechanical properties to substitute the mechanical function of the diseased or damaged tissue. Moreover, the scaffold architecture has to allow cell attachment and subsequent migration into the matrix, mass transfer of metabolites, and sufficient space for development of a vascular network and remodelling of organized tissue matrix. In this work, the main key elements about the design and preparation of polymeric scaffolds, the latest developed strategies, and the new challenges in this field, are presented. Several aspects related to polymeric biomaterials and polymer-scaffold processing techniques are also described and analyzed, focussing the discussion from the biomaterials science and engineering point of view.
Colecciones
Aprobación
Revisión
Complementado por
Referenciado por
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto donde se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este ítem se describe como by-nc-sa
