La empresa pública en la encrucijada: desafíos y desempeño del modelo estatal en los ferrocarriles metropolitanos de Argentina en el siglo XXI

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Fecha
12/2025
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario
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Estudios Sociales del Estado
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2422-7803
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Este artículo problematiza la empresa estatal tomando el caso de los ferrocarriles de pasajeros de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, un servicio donde la experiencia fallida de su concesión a operadores privados propició la estatización de los servicios y que hoy se encuentra nuevamente entre las empresas sujetas a privatización. ¿Cuál fue la génesis de este retorno del Estado? ¿Qué problemas se propuso resolver? ¿Qué intereses se desplegaron en el marco del sistema? En suma, ¿cuál fue la lógica dominante del modelo de empresa estatal en el ferrocarril y cómo afectó su performance y las valoraciones de decisores públicos, trabajadores y personas usuarias sobre la gestión estatal? La metodología utilizada se basa en un estudio de caso instrumental sobre el sector entre los años 2015 a 2024. Para su construcción se utilizaron técnicas de análisis documental (normativas y prensa especializada), análisis de estadísticas oficiales, construcción de perfiles y trayectorias socio-ocupacionales de los presidentes de las empresas y entrevistas en profundidad a decisores públicos y trabajadores. También se implementó una encuesta a ciento noventa personas usuarias del ferrocarril en el mes junio de 2024, cuando ya se había planteado la privatización de un conjunto de empresas estatales.
This article discusses the state enterprise by taking the case of the passenger railways in the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires, a service where the failed experience of its concession to private operators led to the nationalization of the services, but which today, is once again among the companies subject to privatization. What was the genesis of this return of the State? What problems did it propose to solve? What interests were deployed within the framework of the system? In short, what was the dominant logic of the state enterprise model in the railway and how did it affect its performance and the assessments of public decisionmakers, workers and users on state management? The methodology used is based on an instrumental case study of the sector between 2015 and 2024. For its construction, the study employed techniques of documentary analysis (regulations and specialized press), analysis of official statistics, construction of profiles and socio-occupational trajectories of the presidents of the companies and indepth interviews with public decision-makers and workers. A survey of one hundred ninety railway users was also carried out in June 2024, when the privatization of several state-owned companies had already been proposed.
This article discusses the state enterprise by taking the case of the passenger railways in the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires, a service where the failed experience of its concession to private operators led to the nationalization of the services, but which today, is once again among the companies subject to privatization. What was the genesis of this return of the State? What problems did it propose to solve? What interests were deployed within the framework of the system? In short, what was the dominant logic of the state enterprise model in the railway and how did it affect its performance and the assessments of public decisionmakers, workers and users on state management? The methodology used is based on an instrumental case study of the sector between 2015 and 2024. For its construction, the study employed techniques of documentary analysis (regulations and specialized press), analysis of official statistics, construction of profiles and socio-occupational trajectories of the presidents of the companies and indepth interviews with public decision-makers and workers. A survey of one hundred ninety railway users was also carried out in June 2024, when the privatization of several state-owned companies had already been proposed.
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