Racionalidad humana en el dilema del viajero y juegos similares
; Freidin, Esteban 
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Fecha
03/2014
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Universidad de Jaén
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Revista de Antropología Experimental
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1578-4282
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En su artículo de 1994, Kaushik Basu presenta el juego denominado “dilema de viajero” (DV) como desafío para la Teoría de Juegos. Efectivamente, la solución prescripta por dicha teoría va en contra de la intuición –acordada por expertos- sobre qué es racional hacer en dicho juego. Los resultados de estudios experimentales muestran que la mayoría de participantes responden de manera consistente con tal intuición. Esto podría considerarse como una validación –al menos en el contexto del DV- del supuesto de racionalidad omnipresente en muchos modelos de conducta humana, especialmente en economía. Nosotros nos preguntamos si las personas realmente deciden de manera racional en el DV y juegos similares. Para ello, realizamos una serie de estudios experimentales que reseñamos en este trabajo. Argumentamos que, para cierta variación del DV, se registra una tendencia a comportarse irracionalmente, pero esa tendencia se revierte cuando se aclaran las relaciones entre medios y fines.
In his paper of 1994, Kaushik Basu presents a game called “Traverler’s Dilemma” (TD) as a challenge to Game Theory. In effect, the solution prescribed by Game Theory goes against the intuition –agreed by experts- about what is rational to do in such a game. The experimental results show that most participants respond in a way that is consistent with such an intuition. This fact can be taken as a validation of the rationality assumption, which is omnipresent in models of human behavior, especially in Economics. We investigated whether people really decide in a rational manner in the context of the TD and similar games. In order to do so, we ran a series of experimental studies we reviewed in this paper. We argue that for certain variation of the TD, there is a tendency towards irrational choices. However, this tendency is reversed when relations between means and ends are clarified.
In his paper of 1994, Kaushik Basu presents a game called “Traverler’s Dilemma” (TD) as a challenge to Game Theory. In effect, the solution prescribed by Game Theory goes against the intuition –agreed by experts- about what is rational to do in such a game. The experimental results show that most participants respond in a way that is consistent with such an intuition. This fact can be taken as a validation of the rationality assumption, which is omnipresent in models of human behavior, especially in Economics. We investigated whether people really decide in a rational manner in the context of the TD and similar games. In order to do so, we ran a series of experimental studies we reviewed in this paper. We argue that for certain variation of the TD, there is a tendency towards irrational choices. However, this tendency is reversed when relations between means and ends are clarified.
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