Entre el igual respeto y las oportunidades: La igualdad como principio constitucional

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Fecha
11/2025
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Universidad Nacional del Sur
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1515-7326
eISSN
2718-6474
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Este trabajo explora una interpretación “estructuralista” del principio constitucional de igualdad de oportunidades en la Constitución Argentina. En primer lugar, se describe el sistema de igualdad de oportunidades incorporado en la reforma de 1994. Luego se reconstruye la discusión sobre la interpretación del principio y su transcurrir de una versión más formal y conservadora a una versión sustantiva y progresiva. A los fines de intentar aclarar una hipótesis que explicaría las tensiones en las sentencias de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Argentina se identifican los problemas conceptuales y normativos de aceptar la distinción entre consideraciones de justicia pública y consideraciones de justicia privada. En sustitución de dicha hipótesis, el trabajo arriesga una alternativa, a saber, que lo que podría explicar las tensiones es el carácter estructural del principio constitucional de igualdad de oportunidades.
This paper explores a structuralist interpretation of the constitutional principle of equality of opportunity. It begins by outlining the system of equality of opportunity incorporated into the Constitution in its most recent reform. It reconstructs the debate on the interpretation of the principle, tracing its evolution from a more formal and conservative version to a more substantive and progressive one. To clarify a hypothesis that could account for the tensions in the application of the principle of equality of opportunity in both the public and private spheres, the paper identifies the conceptual and normative problems involved in accepting a distinction between considerations of public justice and considerations of private justice. As an alternative to this hypothesis, the paper advances the view that what best explains these tensions—and may also provide a path toward their resolution—is the structural character of the constitutional principle of equality of opportunity
This paper explores a structuralist interpretation of the constitutional principle of equality of opportunity. It begins by outlining the system of equality of opportunity incorporated into the Constitution in its most recent reform. It reconstructs the debate on the interpretation of the principle, tracing its evolution from a more formal and conservative version to a more substantive and progressive one. To clarify a hypothesis that could account for the tensions in the application of the principle of equality of opportunity in both the public and private spheres, the paper identifies the conceptual and normative problems involved in accepting a distinction between considerations of public justice and considerations of private justice. As an alternative to this hypothesis, the paper advances the view that what best explains these tensions—and may also provide a path toward their resolution—is the structural character of the constitutional principle of equality of opportunity
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