Construcción con bloques de suelo cemento como alternativa sostenible para envolvente edilicia
; Francisca, Franco Matias 
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Fecha
07/2022
Editorial
Universidad del Bío Bío
Revista
Habitat Sustentable
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0719-0700
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Español
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Resumen
Los materiales alternativos, como los bloques de suelo estabilizado con cemento (BSEC), brindan nuevas oportunidades para realizar envolventes amigables con el medio ambiente. Los materiales de construcción realizados con suelo son fáciles de obtener y abundantes en la naturaleza, además de que su uso minimiza los impactos ambientales y mejora el comportamiento térmico de las edificaciones. En este trabajo se analizan las propiedades térmicas de los BSEC con el objeto de evaluar la eficiencia de los bloques para la construcción de envolventes. Se determina, mediante ensayos experimentales, que los porcentajes de cemento deberían ubicarse entre 3% y 9% para la fabricación de BSEC adecuados para mamposterías no portantes. El contenido de humedad debería ser inferior al 20%, a fin de evitar aumentos significativos en la conductividad térmica. A través de termografía pasiva se define también la resistencia térmica de los muros y las resistencias superficial interior y exterior mediante. Las distintas composiciones de muros con BSEC de una vivienda experimental en condiciones reales de uso se monitorearon durante época invernal y, a partir de ello, se establecieron transmitancias térmicas para los muros desde 1,219 W/m2K a 1,599 W/m2K. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron determinar la eficiencia relativa de los distintos tipos de envolventes para evitar pérdidas de calor.
Alternative materials, such as cement-stabilized earth blocks (CSEB), provide new opportunities to make environmentally friendly envelopes. Earth-based construction materials are easy to obtain, abundant in nature, and their use minimizes environmental impacts and improves the thermal performance of bricks. In this work, the thermal properties of CSEB are analyzed, to evaluate their efficiency for building envelopes. It is experimentally determined that cement percentages are between 3% and 9% for the manufacturing of CSEB for non-bearing masonry. The moisture content should be less than 20%, to avoid significant increases in thermal conductivity. Wall thermal resistivity and inner and outer thermal resistance are also determined by means of passive building thermography measurements. The different CSEB wall compositions of experimental dwellings under real use conditions were monitored during the winter, and from this, thermal transmittances were established for the walls of 1,219 W/m2K to 1.599 W/m2K The results obtained allow determining the relative efficiency of each building envelope type in avoiding heat losses. Keywords sustainable bricks, passive thermography in buildings, reduction of heat losses, thermal conductivity, surface thermal resistance.
Alternative materials, such as cement-stabilized earth blocks (CSEB), provide new opportunities to make environmentally friendly envelopes. Earth-based construction materials are easy to obtain, abundant in nature, and their use minimizes environmental impacts and improves the thermal performance of bricks. In this work, the thermal properties of CSEB are analyzed, to evaluate their efficiency for building envelopes. It is experimentally determined that cement percentages are between 3% and 9% for the manufacturing of CSEB for non-bearing masonry. The moisture content should be less than 20%, to avoid significant increases in thermal conductivity. Wall thermal resistivity and inner and outer thermal resistance are also determined by means of passive building thermography measurements. The different CSEB wall compositions of experimental dwellings under real use conditions were monitored during the winter, and from this, thermal transmittances were established for the walls of 1,219 W/m2K to 1.599 W/m2K The results obtained allow determining the relative efficiency of each building envelope type in avoiding heat losses. Keywords sustainable bricks, passive thermography in buildings, reduction of heat losses, thermal conductivity, surface thermal resistance.
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