Completeness, Convergent Morphology and Positive Narratives: An Intriguing Snake Skull from the Middle–Late Eocene of Argentina
; Babot, María Judith
; Garcia Lopez, Daniel Alfredo 
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Fecha
11/2025
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Asociación Paleontológica Argentina
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Ameghiniana
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1851-8044
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Describimos un neurocráneo incompleto de serpiente hallado en niveles del Eoceno de la Formación Geste (Catamarca, Argentina). Los huesos conservados del espécimen fósil están fusionados y las cápsulas óticas son enormes, con un gran pié columelar obturando la fenestra ovalis. Las imágenes de µCT permiten reconocer una fenestra pseudorotunda que comunica la cavidad vestibular con el receso yuxstastapedial, y el cóndilo occipital es redondeado (i.e., fovea dentis ausente). Esta inusual combinación de rasgos sólo es conocida en uropeltidos, un grupo de aletinofidios basales emparentados con otras serpientes de la region Indomalaya que conforman el clado Uropeltoidea. Un minucioso análisis anatómico del cráneo de colubroideos miniaturizados criptozoicos y de superficie demuestra que la fusión de los huesos neurocraneales y la fenestra pseudorotunda también están presentes en otros grupos de serpientes, lo que cuestiona el valor diagnóstico de estos rasgos. El análisis filogenético de evidencia combinada sitúa este espécimen fósil como un uropeltoideo. Si esta relación filética se confirma con nuevos ejemplares más completos, los uropeltoideos Indomalayos representan un rompecabezas biogeográfico que implica su probable origen en un terreno gondwánico y una dispersión a la India peninsular, Sri Lanka y el Sudeste Asiático entre el Cretácico Superior y el Paleógeno. Sin embargo, el carácter incompleto del espécimen y la convergencia morfológica observada entre las serpientes miniaturizadas fosoriales y de superficie invitan a ser cautos. La creciente presión sobre los científicos para aumentar su producción de publicaciones en revistas de alto rango a menudo conduce a la elaboración de narrativas atractivas y positivas sobre complejos escenarios evolutivos y paleobiogeográficos basados en especímenes fragmentarios. Debido a la reducida información que proveen los especímenes fragmentarios, estas hipótesis evolutivas podrían estar escasamente sustentadas, representando así un paso atrás que complica en lugar de beneficiar el avance de nuestro conocimiento sobre la evolución de los ofidios.
We describe a partial snake neurocranium recovered from Eocene levels of the Geste Formation (Catamarca, Argentina). Preserved bones are fused, and the otic capsules are relatively enormous with a large stapedial footplate closing the fenestra ovalis. µCT imagery allows the recognition of a fenestra pseudorotunda that communicates the vestibular cavity with the juxstastapedial recess, and the occipital condyle is rounded (i.e., fovea dentis absent). This unusual combination of features known elsewhere only in uropeltid snakes, a group of Indian and Sri Lankan basal alethinophidians related with other Indomalayan snakes that together comprise the clade Uropeltoidea. A thorough anatomical analysis of skull of cryptozoic and surface-dwelling miniaturized colubroideans demonstrates that a fenestra pseudorotunda and the fusion of neurocranial bones are also present in other ophidian clades, thus questioning the diagnostic value of these features. A combined phylogenetic analysis (morphology plus DNA) places this fossil specimen as an uropeltoid. If new and more complete specimens confirm this result, Indomalayan uropeltoid snakes would represent a biogeographic puzzle that implies its probable origin in a Gondwanan terrain and a dispersion to peninsular India, Sri Lanka and South East Asia between the Late Cretaceous to the Paleogene. However, the fragmentary nature of the specimen, in conjuction with the pervasive morphological convergence observed among burrowing and surface-dwelling miniaturised snakes, suggests that caution is warranted. Pressure upon scientists to boost their publication output in high-ranked journals can potentially lead to the elaboration of attractive, positive narratives about complex evolutionary and paleobiogeographic scenarios, even when based on fragmentary specimens. Due to the often limited informativeness of fragmentary specimens, such evolutionary hypotheses are often weakly supported and thus have the potential to impede, rather than facilitate, the advancement of knowledge concerning ophidian evolution.
We describe a partial snake neurocranium recovered from Eocene levels of the Geste Formation (Catamarca, Argentina). Preserved bones are fused, and the otic capsules are relatively enormous with a large stapedial footplate closing the fenestra ovalis. µCT imagery allows the recognition of a fenestra pseudorotunda that communicates the vestibular cavity with the juxstastapedial recess, and the occipital condyle is rounded (i.e., fovea dentis absent). This unusual combination of features known elsewhere only in uropeltid snakes, a group of Indian and Sri Lankan basal alethinophidians related with other Indomalayan snakes that together comprise the clade Uropeltoidea. A thorough anatomical analysis of skull of cryptozoic and surface-dwelling miniaturized colubroideans demonstrates that a fenestra pseudorotunda and the fusion of neurocranial bones are also present in other ophidian clades, thus questioning the diagnostic value of these features. A combined phylogenetic analysis (morphology plus DNA) places this fossil specimen as an uropeltoid. If new and more complete specimens confirm this result, Indomalayan uropeltoid snakes would represent a biogeographic puzzle that implies its probable origin in a Gondwanan terrain and a dispersion to peninsular India, Sri Lanka and South East Asia between the Late Cretaceous to the Paleogene. However, the fragmentary nature of the specimen, in conjuction with the pervasive morphological convergence observed among burrowing and surface-dwelling miniaturised snakes, suggests that caution is warranted. Pressure upon scientists to boost their publication output in high-ranked journals can potentially lead to the elaboration of attractive, positive narratives about complex evolutionary and paleobiogeographic scenarios, even when based on fragmentary specimens. Due to the often limited informativeness of fragmentary specimens, such evolutionary hypotheses are often weakly supported and thus have the potential to impede, rather than facilitate, the advancement of knowledge concerning ophidian evolution.
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