El testimonio, un texto en busca de definición: El caso de los testimonios sobre los campos de concentración y el exilio en España y Argentina

Otros responsables
Fecha
01/2014
Editorial
Universidad del Salvador
Revista
Gramma
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
1850-0153
eISSN
1850-0161
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Resumen
El presente artículo se propone reflexionar sobre el testimonio, un género literario cuyos rasgos particulares se encuentran en constante proceso de definición. Se considerarán dos narrativas en las que confluyen dos experiencias de dislocación territorial: el paso por un campo de concentración y el exilio. Por un lado, se estudiarán testimonios españoles escritos por republicanas y republicanos que pasaron por los campos de concentración ubicados en el sur de Francia desde 1939, cuando sobrevino la derrota de republicana en la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939). Por otro lado, se hará alusión a testimonios escritos por autoras exiliadas supervivientes de centros de detención clandestinos creados durante la última dictadura militar argentina (1976-1983). En todos los casos, se trata de obras publicadas en los últimos veinte años, por ser este un momento culminante en cuanto a la alta exposición de los sujetos en la escena sociocultural, tanto en Europa como en Latinoamérica. Esta propuesta entiende que una perspectiva comparatista, cuyo objetivo es establecer un diálogo entre dos narrativas producidas en contextos histórico-políticos diversos, las cuales, al mismo tiempo, comparten ciertas características comunes en cuanto a sus aspectos formales, permite acceder a consideraciones generales que exceden el alcance de los estudios sobre el género testimonial inscriptos en tradiciones literarias nacionales o regionales.Este artículo se publicó en el número 52 de la revista Gramma que recoge los resultados de las investigaciones del proyecto "Representaciones y conceptualizaciones de la relación sujeto-poder en la constitución de la figura del marginal en la narrativa argentina de las últimas décadas", dirigido por Marcela Crespo (Universidad del Salvador), en el que participé durante 2012 y 2013.
This article’s purpose is to reflect on the testimony, a literary genre whose particular characteristics are constantly in process of being defined. I will consider two testimonial narratives in which two experiences of territorial dislocation converge: the experience in a concentration camp and exile. On the one hand, I will study Spanish testimonials written by Republican and Republicans who stayed in concentration camps located in the south of France since 1939, when Republican defeat came in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). On the other hand, I will analyze Argentine testimonial works written by exiled authors who survived clandestine detention centers created during the last military dictatorship in this country (1976-1983). In all cases, these works were published in the past twenty years, which is important because of the high exposure of the subjects in the sociocultural scene, both in Europe and in Latin America. In particular, this work offers a comparative perspective to establish a dialogue between two narratives that were produced in various historical and political circumstances and, at the same time, they share certain common characteristics in terms of their formal aspects contexts. This approach allows access to general considerations that are beyond the scope of national or regional literature studies about testimonial genre. Keywords: Testimony, Concentration Camp, Exile, Literary Genre, Discursive Representation Strategies.
This article’s purpose is to reflect on the testimony, a literary genre whose particular characteristics are constantly in process of being defined. I will consider two testimonial narratives in which two experiences of territorial dislocation converge: the experience in a concentration camp and exile. On the one hand, I will study Spanish testimonials written by Republican and Republicans who stayed in concentration camps located in the south of France since 1939, when Republican defeat came in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). On the other hand, I will analyze Argentine testimonial works written by exiled authors who survived clandestine detention centers created during the last military dictatorship in this country (1976-1983). In all cases, these works were published in the past twenty years, which is important because of the high exposure of the subjects in the sociocultural scene, both in Europe and in Latin America. In particular, this work offers a comparative perspective to establish a dialogue between two narratives that were produced in various historical and political circumstances and, at the same time, they share certain common characteristics in terms of their formal aspects contexts. This approach allows access to general considerations that are beyond the scope of national or regional literature studies about testimonial genre. Keywords: Testimony, Concentration Camp, Exile, Literary Genre, Discursive Representation Strategies.
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