Synthesis, actions and perspectives of nitric oxide in photosynthetic organisms

Abstract

After the strong influence of a series of works made around the turn of the century, nitric oxide (NO) is now considered a signal molecule with broad participation in the physiological processes of plants. NO acts as a signal in plant-microbe interactions, in plant responses to abiotic stresses, regulation of stomatal opening and gas exchange between plants and environment, and it is an essential cue in plant growth and development. This chapter will highlight key aspects of the diversity of biosynthetic pathways of NO in uni- and multicellular photosynthetic organisms, as well as its metabolism and interactions with cellular components. This review will focus in particular on the biological functions of NO in plants, with emphasis on the fundamental role played by NO in hormones´ signaling. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the NO actions in plant cells will also be addressed. The knowledge of NO biology in photosynthetic organisms showed a unique growth rate during the last years. It is tempting now to think that the acquired wisdom in the plants field might positively influence research in animal systems through innovative ideas and strategies.