Una revisión del modelo de integración regional en América Latina durante los años noventa. Insumos para analizar el escenario actual

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Fecha
06/2017
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia
Revista
Revista de la Red Intercátedras de Historia de América Latina Contemporánea
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2250-7264
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Este trabajo analiza el modelo de integración regional que tuvo lugar en América Latina en el contexto de las reformas neoliberales de los años noventa. El objetivo principal es caracterizar el conjunto de las iniciativas regionales, tanto las impulsadas por el Regionalismo Abierto de la CEPAL como las que proponían zonas o áreas de libre comercio entre países de la región y Estados Unidos. La hipótesis principal es que ambos tipos de iniciativas privilegiaron una integración no sólo económica sino más bien comercial, donde el vínculo entre las naciones latinoamericanas transcurrió por la discusión de rebajas arancelaras y de promociones a inversiones de grandes firmas extranjeras o transnacionales. Así, los diversos bloques fueron funcionales a las políticas de apertura económica impulsadas por el Consenso de Washington. Este modelo de integración regional transitó una crisis en forma paralela a la crisis del Consenso y de las políticas neoliberales, trasmutando hacia un modelo de integración más político durante la década de 2000. Los recientes cambios políticos en la región y el despliegue de varios megacuerdos de libre comercio, parecieran poner fin o reconfigurar en un mediano plazo este ciclo más político en América Latina y volver a desarrollar variantes más cercanas al modelo comercialista de la década del noventa. Mediante un balance de aquel modelo, este trabajo busca generar insumos para analizar el escenario actual y un posible nuevo momento de integración latinoamericana asociado a políticas neoliberales.
This study analyzes the regional integration model that took place in Latin America in the context of neoliberal reforms in the nineties. The main goal is to characterize the group of regional initiatives, those stimulated by the Open Regionalism of the CEPAL, as well as those who proposed free trade zones or areas among countries of the region and the United States. The principal hypothesis is that both types of initiatives favored not just an economic integration but rather a commercial one, where the link between the Latin-American nations passed by the discussion of tariff reductions and the promotion to big foreign or transnational companies. Thus, the different blocks were functional to economic opening policies stimulated by the Washington Consensus. This regional integration model went through a crisis at the same time as the crisis of the Consensus and neoliberal policies transmuting towards a more political integration model during the 2000 decade. The recent political changes in the region and the unfolding of several great free trade agreements, seemed to put an end to or to reform in a medium term this political cycle in Latin America and to return to develop variants that are closer to the commercial of the nineties decade. In terms of an evaluation of that model, this study seeks to generate input for analyzing the current scene and a possible new moment of Latin-American integration associated with neoliberal policies.
This study analyzes the regional integration model that took place in Latin America in the context of neoliberal reforms in the nineties. The main goal is to characterize the group of regional initiatives, those stimulated by the Open Regionalism of the CEPAL, as well as those who proposed free trade zones or areas among countries of the region and the United States. The principal hypothesis is that both types of initiatives favored not just an economic integration but rather a commercial one, where the link between the Latin-American nations passed by the discussion of tariff reductions and the promotion to big foreign or transnational companies. Thus, the different blocks were functional to economic opening policies stimulated by the Washington Consensus. This regional integration model went through a crisis at the same time as the crisis of the Consensus and neoliberal policies transmuting towards a more political integration model during the 2000 decade. The recent political changes in the region and the unfolding of several great free trade agreements, seemed to put an end to or to reform in a medium term this political cycle in Latin America and to return to develop variants that are closer to the commercial of the nineties decade. In terms of an evaluation of that model, this study seeks to generate input for analyzing the current scene and a possible new moment of Latin-American integration associated with neoliberal policies.
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