Informalidad y precariedad laboral entre las empleadas del servicio doméstico en Santiago del Estero

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Fecha
04/2018
Editorial
Universidad de Palermo. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales
Revista
Journal de Ciencias Sociales
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
2362-194x
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Español
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Resumen
El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la situación de informalidad y precariedad laboral de las trabajadoras del servicio doméstico en Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Esta es una de las actividades más feminizadas del mercado de trabajo santiagueño y la principal entre las ocupaciones femeninas en el conglomerado Santiago del Estero-La Banda. Cerca de un 25% de las mujeres que trabajan en el lugar lo hacen en esta actividad, por lo que es una de las más informales que existen en términos de regulación, registración en seguridad social, así como de ingreso y permanencia. El abordaje teórico-metodológico utilizado nos brinda una variedad de perspectivas que hemos consideramos como necesarias para el tratamiento de la problemática. A partir de esto, acudimos a visiones teóricas que versan sobre estudios propios de la temática, así como aquellos conceptos operativos sobre informalidad y precariedad laboral. A través de un estudio compuesto por enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos, nos proponemos analizar las dimensiones socio-demográficas y socio-ocupacionales y las experiencias y percepciones de las propias empleadas a partir de sus testimonios en primera persona. Para ello se utilizarán datos obtenidos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares del INDEC, así como los provenientes de entrevistas en profundidad con empleadas y empleadoras de la actividad. Esta manera de abordar el objeto de estudio nos llevó a caracterizar primero el mercado de trabajo en Santiago del Estero desde una óptica de la diferencia por géneros, luego una caracterización específica sobre la situación del servicio doméstico y sus trabajadoras. Finalmente, una aproximación a las formas en que se mantienen esas desigualdades laborales en términos de informalidad y precariedad laboral.
The objective of this paper is to analyse the informal employment situation and the precariousness of female domestic workers in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. This is one of the most feminized activities in the Santiago labor market and the main one among female occupations in the Santiago del Estero-La Banda conglomerate. In that place about 25% of the women who work in the area focuses in this activity being one of the most informal in terms of regulation, registration to social security as well as income and permanence. The theoretical-methodological approach used gives us a variety of perspectives that we consider necessary for the treatment of the problem. That’s why we turn to theoretical visions that deal with studies of the subject under study, as well as those operational concepts on informality and job insecurity. Through a study composed of quantitative and qualitative approaches we propose to analyse socio-demographic, socio-occupational dimensions and the experiences and perceptions of the employees themselves from their testimonies. For this purpose, the data was obtained from the Permanent Household Survey of INDEC, as well as those obtained from interviews with employees and employers of the activity. This way of approaching the object led us to first characterize the labor market in Santiago del Estero from the point of view of the gender’s differences, then a specific characterization about the domestic service and its workers. Finally, an approximation to the ways in which these labor inequalities are maintained in terms of informality and job insecurity.
The objective of this paper is to analyse the informal employment situation and the precariousness of female domestic workers in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. This is one of the most feminized activities in the Santiago labor market and the main one among female occupations in the Santiago del Estero-La Banda conglomerate. In that place about 25% of the women who work in the area focuses in this activity being one of the most informal in terms of regulation, registration to social security as well as income and permanence. The theoretical-methodological approach used gives us a variety of perspectives that we consider necessary for the treatment of the problem. That’s why we turn to theoretical visions that deal with studies of the subject under study, as well as those operational concepts on informality and job insecurity. Through a study composed of quantitative and qualitative approaches we propose to analyse socio-demographic, socio-occupational dimensions and the experiences and perceptions of the employees themselves from their testimonies. For this purpose, the data was obtained from the Permanent Household Survey of INDEC, as well as those obtained from interviews with employees and employers of the activity. This way of approaching the object led us to first characterize the labor market in Santiago del Estero from the point of view of the gender’s differences, then a specific characterization about the domestic service and its workers. Finally, an approximation to the ways in which these labor inequalities are maintained in terms of informality and job insecurity.
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