Genetic Variation Patterns of “Algarrobos” from the “Great American Chaco” (Prosopis alba, P. nigra, P. hassleri, P. febrigii, P. ruscifolia, P. chilensis, and P. fexuosa)

Abstract

Beginnings of genetic studies of forest tree species native to Argentina. Main forest ecoregions of Argentina: Alto Paraná Rainforest, Yungas Rainforest, Chaco Subtropical Dry Forest, Subantarctic Temperate Forest, Espinal xerophytic forest, Monte xerophytic scrubland, Paraná riverside wetland forest. State of the forests in Argentina. Main causes of degradation and deforestation. Official trade statistics for timber and non-timber products of native tree species. Main species harvested in the natural forests. Initiatives for forest protection: National Law N° 26.331 (Law of Minimum Requirements for the Environmental Protection of Native Forests), and other regulations promoting the afforestation with native forest tree species. National Restoration Program. The role of the INASE (National Institute of Seeds) and the registered propagation materials of Argentine native species. Sustainable forest management certification: national standards (CERFOAR) and international standards applied in Argentina (FSC). International commitments of Argentina for the native forest: accession to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), COP21, UN REDD Program, Montréal Process, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Meaning of domestication and low intensity breeding of native forest tree species. Main elements of the breeding chain of a low intensity improvement program. Aim and scope of the present contribution.