Sobre la función de las emociones en animales no racionales: Explicaciones aristotélicas sin Aristóteles

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Fecha
12/2019
Editorial
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofia
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ISSN
0211-2337
eISSN
1988-2564
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Español
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Resumen
El artículo propone poner a prueba la idea comúnmente admitida de que en la concepción aristotélica las emociones tienen una función o fin en el ámbito biológico. Me propongo probar que esta concepción sería más propia de otras posturas, como la tomista y la cartesiana, y especialmente de la darwiniana y neo-darwiniana. Tras presentar en la sección 2 el tipo de explicaciones teleológicas que Aristóteles admite y emplea en biología, analizo en la parte 3 la concepción de las emociones de Descartes y en especial de Darwin y muestro que ellas se adaptan bien al modelo explicativo teleológico aristotélico. En la sección 4, ofrezco varios argumentos con apoyo en los textos biológicos de Aristóteles para mostrar que, en cambio, este tipo de explicaciones teleológicas de las emociones no aparecen con claridad en los escritos biológicos del estagirita, toda vez que lo que encontramos allí es, más bien, explicaciones fisiológico materialistas del carácter de los animales. Por último, sugiero una asimetría con el tratamiento de las emociones desde el punto de vista de la racionalidad práctica que desarrollaré en trabajos ulteriores.
This article intends to challenge the commonly admitted assumption that the Aristotelian treatment of emotions in his biology is teleologic. My proposal is that this sort of functional explanation of emotions in nature is rather to be found in Aquinas, Descartes, and especially in Darwinian and Neo-Darwinian theories of emotions. In section 2, I present the sorts of teleological explanations that Aristotle admits and uses in his biological writings. I section 3, I analyze Descartes’ and especially Darwin’s account of emotions and show that they fit the Aristotelian explanatory model presented in 2. Then, in section 4, I offer several arguments based on an analysis of Aristotles’ biological treatises in order to show that this sort of teleological or functional explanation of emotions is not present in them. Instead, what we find in these writings are materialist explanations of the diverse characters and emotions of animal species. Finally, I suggest the idea, to be pursued further, that there is an asymmetry between the natural, non-teleologic treatment of emotions in Aristotle and the function he assigns to them from the point of view of practical rationality.
This article intends to challenge the commonly admitted assumption that the Aristotelian treatment of emotions in his biology is teleologic. My proposal is that this sort of functional explanation of emotions in nature is rather to be found in Aquinas, Descartes, and especially in Darwinian and Neo-Darwinian theories of emotions. In section 2, I present the sorts of teleological explanations that Aristotle admits and uses in his biological writings. I section 3, I analyze Descartes’ and especially Darwin’s account of emotions and show that they fit the Aristotelian explanatory model presented in 2. Then, in section 4, I offer several arguments based on an analysis of Aristotles’ biological treatises in order to show that this sort of teleological or functional explanation of emotions is not present in them. Instead, what we find in these writings are materialist explanations of the diverse characters and emotions of animal species. Finally, I suggest the idea, to be pursued further, that there is an asymmetry between the natural, non-teleologic treatment of emotions in Aristotle and the function he assigns to them from the point of view of practical rationality.
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