El uso de Nitratos y Nitritos en la Industria cárnica, lo bueno, lo malo y el modelado matemático para optimizar su uso: Una revisión
; Piagentini, Andrea Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2021
Editorial
Asociación Colombiana de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos
Revista
Alimentos Hoy
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2027-291X
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Español
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Resumen
Los nitratos y nitritos son compuestos que se han empleado tradicionalmente en la elaboración de productos cárnicos curados para el control de microorganismos patógenos, como el Clostridium botulinum, y el desarrollo de diversas cualidades sensoriales. Sin embargo, su uso ha sido cuestionado debido a la posibilidad que tienen de generar compuestos N-nitrosaminados en el organismo. No obstante, a pesar de que los vegetales son la mayor fuente de nitratos y nitritos en la dieta del ser humano, los productos curados tienen una mayor asociación directa con enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles debido a su contenido en dichos compuestos nitrogenados. En cada país se pueden encontrar diferencias en las concentraciones de nitritos residuales, así como en las concentraciones limites fijadas en sus respectivas legislaciones. Para controlar esto, se han realizado varios estudios, analizando los impactos negativos y positivos del uso de nitratos y nitritos, tanto de forma funcional como bioactiva. La industria también ha aplicado distintas estrategias para reducir y controlar su uso. Por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión es resaltar los beneficios del uso de nitratos y nitritos en la industria cárnica, tanto tecnológicos como para la salud, así como, sus contraindicaciones y riesgos para los consumidores de productos cárnicos curados. A su vez, se hace una revisión del uso del modelado matemático como alternativa de control del proceso de curado.
Nitrates and nitrites are compounds that have traditionally been used in the production of cured meat products for the control of pathogenic microorganisms, such as Clostridium botulinum, and the development of various sensory qualities. However, their use has been questioned due to their potential to generate N-nitrosamine compounds in the body. Although, vegetables are the major source of nitrates and nitrites in the human diet, cured products have a greater direct association with chronic non-communicable diseases due to the content of these nitrogenous compounds. Differences in residual nitrite concentrations can be found in each country, as well as in the limit concentrations set in their respective legislation. To control this, several studies have been carried out, analyzing the negative and positive impacts of the use of nitrates and nitrites, both functional and bioactive. The industry has also applied different strategies to reduce and control their use. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the technological and health benefits of the use of nitrates and nitrites in the meat industry, as well as their contraindications and risks for consumers of cured meat products. At the same time, a review of the use of mathematical modelling as an alternative for the control of the curing process is made.
Nitrates and nitrites are compounds that have traditionally been used in the production of cured meat products for the control of pathogenic microorganisms, such as Clostridium botulinum, and the development of various sensory qualities. However, their use has been questioned due to their potential to generate N-nitrosamine compounds in the body. Although, vegetables are the major source of nitrates and nitrites in the human diet, cured products have a greater direct association with chronic non-communicable diseases due to the content of these nitrogenous compounds. Differences in residual nitrite concentrations can be found in each country, as well as in the limit concentrations set in their respective legislation. To control this, several studies have been carried out, analyzing the negative and positive impacts of the use of nitrates and nitrites, both functional and bioactive. The industry has also applied different strategies to reduce and control their use. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the technological and health benefits of the use of nitrates and nitrites in the meat industry, as well as their contraindications and risks for consumers of cured meat products. At the same time, a review of the use of mathematical modelling as an alternative for the control of the curing process is made.
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