Coase, Schumpeter y las bases pro monopólicas de la estrategia managerial

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Fecha
07/2023
Editorial
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Centro de Investigaciones de Historia Económica, Social y de Relaciones Internacionales
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Ciclos en la Historia, la Economia y la Sociedad
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0327-4063
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El origen del ímpetu monopólico en el discurso managerial de nuestra época, que se orienta según el principio de “competitividad”, debe ser rastreado genealógicamente en las lecturas que se derivan de los trabajos de dos economistas de principios del siglo XX: Ronald Coase y Joseph Schumpeter. El presente artículo recurre a una socio-historia crítica de las principales teorías microeconómicas del siglo pasado para explicar la actual “justificación ética” del monopolio en el campo del management estratégico. Con esto se busca ampliar y completar el estudio foucaultiano de la microeconomía neoliberal como racionalidad, aquella que hace de la competencia su principio central reflexivo. Ahora bien, desde mediados del siglo pasado una serie de acontecimientos y reformulaciones en el campo teórico de la economía y el management dieron lugar al principio de la competitividad estratégica de las empresas, que tomó distancia del principio de la competencia económica de los mercados. Así, a diferencia de la competencia del “neoliberalismo temprano” estudiado por Michel Foucault a fines de los años setenta, la competitividad estará fundamentada por la microeconomía tardía y el management estratégico que emergió en la década del ochenta. Estas teorías serán más afines con el fenómeno monopólico que con la competencia perfecta, cuyas bases se remontan a una relectura de los aportes coasianos y schumpeterianos en esta dirección.
The origin of the monopoly impulse in the managerial discourse of our time, which is oriented according to the principle of competitiveness, must be traced genealogically in the readings derived from the works of two economists of the early 20th century: Ronald Coase and Joseph Schumpeter. This article resorts to a critical socio-history of the main microeconomic theories of the last century to explain the current "ethical justification" of monopoly in the field of strategic management. It seeks to expand and complete the Foucauldian study of neoliberal microeconomics as rationality, which makes competition its central reflexive principle. Since the middle of the last century, however, a series of developments and reformulations in the theoretical field of economics and management have given rise to the principle of the strategic competitiveness of companies, which distanced itself from the principle of economic competition in the markets. Thus, unlike the competition of "early neo-liberalism" studied by Michel Foucault in the late 1970s, competitiveness will be grounded in late microeconomics and strategic management that emerged in the 1980s. These theories will be more akin to the monopolistic phenomenon than to perfect competition, the foundations of which can be traced back to a re-reading of Coasian and Schumpeterian contributions in this direction.
The origin of the monopoly impulse in the managerial discourse of our time, which is oriented according to the principle of competitiveness, must be traced genealogically in the readings derived from the works of two economists of the early 20th century: Ronald Coase and Joseph Schumpeter. This article resorts to a critical socio-history of the main microeconomic theories of the last century to explain the current "ethical justification" of monopoly in the field of strategic management. It seeks to expand and complete the Foucauldian study of neoliberal microeconomics as rationality, which makes competition its central reflexive principle. Since the middle of the last century, however, a series of developments and reformulations in the theoretical field of economics and management have given rise to the principle of the strategic competitiveness of companies, which distanced itself from the principle of economic competition in the markets. Thus, unlike the competition of "early neo-liberalism" studied by Michel Foucault in the late 1970s, competitiveness will be grounded in late microeconomics and strategic management that emerged in the 1980s. These theories will be more akin to the monopolistic phenomenon than to perfect competition, the foundations of which can be traced back to a re-reading of Coasian and Schumpeterian contributions in this direction.
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