Apoptosis, muerte celular fisiológica, reseña histórica y actualidad

Otros responsables
Fecha
09/2014
Editorial
Asociación de Docentes en Ciencias Biológicas de la Argentina
Revista
Revista de Educación en Biología
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0329-5192
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Español
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Resumen
El concepto de muerte celular programada, descripto a mediados del siglo XX, se definió como “apoptosis” en 1972 y se diferenció de la necrosis. La primera o “Programmed Cell Death” (PCD) ocurre en un momento específico del desarrollo embrionario y también en los tejidos adultos. Los tejidos se remodelan mediante apoptosis bajo control genético sin dañar el tejido circundante. Tanto la mitosis (proliferación) como la apoptosis, durante la formación de los tejidos, están reguladas genéticamente. El significado fisiológico de la apoptosis es completamente distinto al de la necrosis. Mientras que la necrosis es accidental y las células lesionadas se remueven provocando inflamación, la apoptosis es una vía metabólica celular, regulada genéticamente. En este trabajo revisamos el progreso del conocimiento del tema durante los últimos 42 años.
The concept of Programmed Cell Death (PCD) has been used since 1951, and the idea of the physiological cell death and the term apoptosis was established in 1972. Apoptosis occurs in embryonic cells at specific times and it is crucial for the embryos development. The tissues are remodeled by cell death under genetic control and without damaging the surrounding tissues. If the normal mitosis/apoptosis rate is altered during tissue formation, birth defects may appear. The physiological meaning of PCD is different from necrosis. While necrosis is accidental and damaged cells are removed from the tissues using the inflammatory process, apoptosis is a metabolic pathway and has evolved in life organisms because it is necessary for morphogenesis and differentiation in specialized and complex tissues. In this work we review the understanding of apoptosis for the past 42 years.
The concept of Programmed Cell Death (PCD) has been used since 1951, and the idea of the physiological cell death and the term apoptosis was established in 1972. Apoptosis occurs in embryonic cells at specific times and it is crucial for the embryos development. The tissues are remodeled by cell death under genetic control and without damaging the surrounding tissues. If the normal mitosis/apoptosis rate is altered during tissue formation, birth defects may appear. The physiological meaning of PCD is different from necrosis. While necrosis is accidental and damaged cells are removed from the tissues using the inflammatory process, apoptosis is a metabolic pathway and has evolved in life organisms because it is necessary for morphogenesis and differentiation in specialized and complex tissues. In this work we review the understanding of apoptosis for the past 42 years.
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