Mujeres guaraníes en las misiones jesuíticas: categorías en tensión, reordenamiento social y resistencias

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Fecha
09/2020
Editorial
Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
Revista
História Unisinos
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1519-3861
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Español
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Resumen
El presente trabajo busca dar cuenta de la tensión existente entre la política jesuita de control sobre las mujeres guaraníes, la dinámica social y demográfica misionera y las resistencias expresadas a dicho direccionamiento. Nos centramos en la indagación de la categoría de viuda y en la política de recogimiento de las mismas en las Casas de Recogidas. Para ello, analizamos censos de población de los siglos XVII y XVIII, elaborados por autoridades coloniales como por jesuitas y ordenanzas de los provinciales del Paraguay del siglo XVIII. Reparamos en el excesivo número de viudas en los censos, en comparación con el de los viudos, sostenido a lo largo del siglo XVIII. Esto, más allá de coyunturas bélicas, crisis o ciclos de epidemias puntuales que pudieran explicarlo. Observamos como esa desproporción numérica coincide con la preocupación registrada en las ordenanzas de los provinciales y superiores de la Orden por crear y mantener en cada reducción un recinto común, cerca de la plaza, para recluirlas. Planteamos que el control sobre las mujeres se daba en el contexto de una vida social misionera más dinámica, heterogénea y resistente a lo esperado.
This paper studies the tensions between the Jesuit policy of control over Guaraní women, the missionary, social, and demographic dynamics of the period and the forms of resistance against that control. It focuses on the inquiry about the category widows and the policy of their reclusion in Collection Houses. The study analyzes some population censuses from the 17th and 18th centuries, which are carried out by colonial authorities and Jesuits, as well as by ordinances of the Paraguayan provincials of the 18th century. The data show that there is an excessive number of widows compared to that of widowers, and that this is sustained throughout the 18th century. The excessive widow count is not directly attributable to wars, crises or epidemics that could explain it. It is investigated how this numerical disproportion coincides with the concern registered in the ordinances of the provincials and superiors in order to create and maintain in each settlement a common hall, nearby the plaza, to keep them in. We claim that the control over these women ocurred in the context of a missionary social life which was more dynamic, heterogeneous, and resistant as expected.
This paper studies the tensions between the Jesuit policy of control over Guaraní women, the missionary, social, and demographic dynamics of the period and the forms of resistance against that control. It focuses on the inquiry about the category widows and the policy of their reclusion in Collection Houses. The study analyzes some population censuses from the 17th and 18th centuries, which are carried out by colonial authorities and Jesuits, as well as by ordinances of the Paraguayan provincials of the 18th century. The data show that there is an excessive number of widows compared to that of widowers, and that this is sustained throughout the 18th century. The excessive widow count is not directly attributable to wars, crises or epidemics that could explain it. It is investigated how this numerical disproportion coincides with the concern registered in the ordinances of the provincials and superiors in order to create and maintain in each settlement a common hall, nearby the plaza, to keep them in. We claim that the control over these women ocurred in the context of a missionary social life which was more dynamic, heterogeneous, and resistant as expected.
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