Antonio Gramsci y la reforma educativa de Giovanni Gentile: La revolución pasiva como criterio de interpretación histórico-educativo

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Fecha
07/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Las Torres de Lucca
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2255-3827
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A partir de la fórmula revolución pasiva, el artículo aborda teóricamente la cuestión educativa en los Cuadernos de la Cárcel. Central en los nuevos estudios gramscianos, la fórmula revolución pasiva no ha tenido un papel significativo en las indagaciones educativas de los escritos de Gramsci. En lugar de aislar el tópico educativo de la trama conceptual de los Cuadernos, se busca articular la cuestión pedagógica con nudos temáticos centrales del corpus gramsciano a luz del oxímoron revolución pasiva. En esta línea, se asume la revolución pasiva como una fórmula heurística, es decir, como una perspectiva general que organiza (en diferentes sentidos y tiempos) la investigación carcelaria en torno a la crisis de hegemonía y recomposición del orden. Luego de interpretar una serie de conceptos gramscianos, tales como hegemonía, clases subalternas, Estado integral e intelectuales bajo el prisma de la revolución pasiva, se aborda el análisis de la reforma educativa de Giovanni Gentile (1922-23) en los Cuadernos. Se considera, a modo de hipótesis, que en la reflexión gramsciana, esta reforma opera como el capítulo educativo del análisis del fascismo como intento de revolución pasiva. Entre las conclusiones, se esgrime que de la complejidad analítica de la reforma gentiliana en los Cuadernos es posible derivar un criterio de interpretación histórico-educativo de reformas educativas.
Starting from the passive revolution formula, the article theoretically addresses the educational issue in the Prison Notebooks. Central to the new Gramscian studies, the passive revolution formula has not played a significant role in educational inquiries of Gramsci’s writings. Instead of isolating the educational topic from the conceptual plot of the Prison Notebooks, the article seeks to articulate the pedagogical question with central thematic nodes of the Gramscian theory in light of the oxymoron passive revolution. In this way, the passive revolution is assumed as a heuristic formula, that is, as a general perspective that organizes (in different senses and times) the prison investigation around the crisis of hegemony and recomposition of the order. After interpreting a series of Gramscian concepts, such as hegemony, subaltern classes, the integral State and intellectuals under the prism of passive revolution, the analysis of the educational reform of Giovanni Gentile (1922-23) is addressed in the Prison Notebooks. It is considered, as a hypothesis, that in Gramsci’s reflection this reform constitutes the educational chapter of the analysis of fascism as an attempt at passive revolution. Among the conclusions, it is argued that from the analytical complexity of the Gentilian reform in the Prison Notebooks it is possible to derive a criterion for the historical-educational interpretation of educational reforms.
Starting from the passive revolution formula, the article theoretically addresses the educational issue in the Prison Notebooks. Central to the new Gramscian studies, the passive revolution formula has not played a significant role in educational inquiries of Gramsci’s writings. Instead of isolating the educational topic from the conceptual plot of the Prison Notebooks, the article seeks to articulate the pedagogical question with central thematic nodes of the Gramscian theory in light of the oxymoron passive revolution. In this way, the passive revolution is assumed as a heuristic formula, that is, as a general perspective that organizes (in different senses and times) the prison investigation around the crisis of hegemony and recomposition of the order. After interpreting a series of Gramscian concepts, such as hegemony, subaltern classes, the integral State and intellectuals under the prism of passive revolution, the analysis of the educational reform of Giovanni Gentile (1922-23) is addressed in the Prison Notebooks. It is considered, as a hypothesis, that in Gramsci’s reflection this reform constitutes the educational chapter of the analysis of fascism as an attempt at passive revolution. Among the conclusions, it is argued that from the analytical complexity of the Gentilian reform in the Prison Notebooks it is possible to derive a criterion for the historical-educational interpretation of educational reforms.
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