Fluorosis dental en una zona de Córdoba, Argentina. Desarrollo de estrategias para su prevención
; Lecomte, Karina Leticia
; Rozas, Carlos Alfredo ; Ponce, R. H. Otros responsables
Fecha
03/2017
Editorial
Facultad de Odontología - UNC
Revista
Revista de la Facultad de Odontología
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ISSN
0325-1071
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Español
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Estudiar la relación entre manchas en los dientes y fluorosis dental en una población del noroeste de Córdoba, Argentina, a fin de plantear en la zona tareas de prevención sobre esta problemática. Métodos: En niños de 5 a 11 años de edad se determinó el índice de fluorosis dental (636 superficies dentales) y la Ingesta total de flúor (F-). En muestras de agua del área de estudio se evaluó el contenido de F- (mg/L) (método electrodo de ion selectivo). Para la remoción de F- del agua de bebida se construyó un filtro empleando suelos arcillosos como intercambiadores iónicos. Resultados: El 86,7% de todas las superficies dentales permanentes presentó alguna forma de fluorosis y el 77,8% de los dientes maxilares anteriores mostró grados leve, moderado y severo. La ingesta diaria de F- (3,90 mg/día) duplicó la recomendada. El agua presentó concentraciones de F- de 1,7 a 3,4 mg/L. Se analizó la capacidad de adsorción de F- en tres tipos de suelos arcillosos de la zona, mostrando sólo uno la capacidad (0,02 mg F-/g de suelo) para remover el F- del agua. Con este material se diseñó un filtro domiciliario de manufactura casera. Conclusiones: La concentración de F- encontrada en el agua de la zona y la presencia de manchas en los dientes de los pobladores permiten afirmar que el área de estudio es una zona de fluorosis endémica. El empleo del filtro domiciliario de remoción F- posibilitó obtener agua potable con concentraciones apropiadas de este ión, para bebida y cocción de alimentos, como primera etapa para solucionar la problemática de salud de una región en la que sus habitantes se caracterizan por una situación de subocupación y escaso poder adquisitivo.
To study the relationship between tooth spots and dental fluorosis in a population in the northwest of Córdoba, Argentina, in order to design preventive actions in this zone. Methods: In children aged 5 to 11 years, the fluorosis index (636 dental surfaces) and total fluorine (F-) intake were determined. In water samples from the study area, the content of F- (mg/L) (selective ion electrode method) was evaluated. For the removal of F- from drinking water, a filter was constructed using clay soils as ion exchangers. Results: 86.7% of all permanent dental surfaces presented some form of fluorosis and 77.8% of anterior maxillary teeth showed mild, moderate and severe degrees. The daily intake of F- (3.90 mg/day) doubled the recommended intake. The F- concentrations in water samples were of 1.7 to 3.4 mg/L. The adsorption capacity of F- of three types of clay soils of the zone was analyzed, showing only one of them the capacity (0.02 mg F-/g of soil) to remove F- from the water. With this material was designed a homemade filter. Conclusions: The concentration of F- found in the water of the area and the presence of spots on the teeth of the inhabitants allow affirming that the study area is a zone of endemic fluorosis. The use of the household F- removal filter made it possible to obtain potable water with appropriate concentrations of F- to drink and cook food as the first stage to solve the health problems of a region in which its inhabitants are characterized by a situation of underemployment and low incomes.
To study the relationship between tooth spots and dental fluorosis in a population in the northwest of Córdoba, Argentina, in order to design preventive actions in this zone. Methods: In children aged 5 to 11 years, the fluorosis index (636 dental surfaces) and total fluorine (F-) intake were determined. In water samples from the study area, the content of F- (mg/L) (selective ion electrode method) was evaluated. For the removal of F- from drinking water, a filter was constructed using clay soils as ion exchangers. Results: 86.7% of all permanent dental surfaces presented some form of fluorosis and 77.8% of anterior maxillary teeth showed mild, moderate and severe degrees. The daily intake of F- (3.90 mg/day) doubled the recommended intake. The F- concentrations in water samples were of 1.7 to 3.4 mg/L. The adsorption capacity of F- of three types of clay soils of the zone was analyzed, showing only one of them the capacity (0.02 mg F-/g of soil) to remove F- from the water. With this material was designed a homemade filter. Conclusions: The concentration of F- found in the water of the area and the presence of spots on the teeth of the inhabitants allow affirming that the study area is a zone of endemic fluorosis. The use of the household F- removal filter made it possible to obtain potable water with appropriate concentrations of F- to drink and cook food as the first stage to solve the health problems of a region in which its inhabitants are characterized by a situation of underemployment and low incomes.
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