La teoría del conflicto social de John Dewey

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Fecha
07/2023
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Universidad del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias
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1666-485X
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1668-723X
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Durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX el filósofo pragmatista John Dewey perfila una filosofía social que incluye una teoría del conflicto social. Estas ideas encuentran su mejor desarrollo en las conferencias dictadas en China (1919-1921). En este marco, el presente artículo busca (i) introducir el “tercer tipo” de filosofía social propuesto por Dewey, abocada a resolver problemas concretos mediante la convergencia entre método científico y propósitos morales; (ii) reconstruir la teoría del conflicto social, teoría que presta especial atención a los conflictos de intereses y de principios de organización social entre grupos determinados; (iii) comparar el estándar normativo de evaluación del desarrollo social presentado en las conferencias con la noción de democracia como “experiencia conjunta comunicada” planteada por Dewey en Democracia y Educación (1916); y finalmente (iv) sopesar los aportes de la teoría del conflicto social al pensamiento filosófico-político del pragmatista. Desde allí se afirma que el estándar normativo de las conferencias es consistente con el enfoque conceptual en curso y que la teoría del conflicto social, aun cuando fuera posteriormente abandonada, fortalece la perspectiva deweyana pues incorpora una dimensión de análisis indispensable para todo tratamiento descriptivo-normativo de la sociedad y ofrece herramientas promisorias para abordar problemas sociales contemporáneos.
During the first decades of the 20st Century, pragmatist philosopher John Dewey outlines a social philosophy which includes a theory of social conflict.These ideas are best developed in the conferences Dewey lectured in China (1919-1921). With this respect, the aims of this article are (i) to introduce Dewey’s “third type” of social philosophy, oriented to solve specific problems by the union between the scientific spirit and moral aims; (ii) to reconstruct his theory of social conflict, which looks at the conflicts between social group’s interests and social patterns; (iii) to compare the normative standard to asses social development presented at the conferences with the notion of democracy as “conjoint communicated experience” presented by Dewey in his Democracy and Education (1916); and (iv) to consider how theory of social conflict contributes to Dewey’s phil- osophical-political view. The main claims are that the normative standard presented in China is coherent with Dewey’s on- going theoretical framework and that, even though it was later abandoned by the pragmatist, the theory of social conflict strengths his position because it provides a necessary viewpoint to any descriptive-normative social analysis and offers prom- ising tools in order to address contemporary social problems.
During the first decades of the 20st Century, pragmatist philosopher John Dewey outlines a social philosophy which includes a theory of social conflict.These ideas are best developed in the conferences Dewey lectured in China (1919-1921). With this respect, the aims of this article are (i) to introduce Dewey’s “third type” of social philosophy, oriented to solve specific problems by the union between the scientific spirit and moral aims; (ii) to reconstruct his theory of social conflict, which looks at the conflicts between social group’s interests and social patterns; (iii) to compare the normative standard to asses social development presented at the conferences with the notion of democracy as “conjoint communicated experience” presented by Dewey in his Democracy and Education (1916); and (iv) to consider how theory of social conflict contributes to Dewey’s phil- osophical-political view. The main claims are that the normative standard presented in China is coherent with Dewey’s on- going theoretical framework and that, even though it was later abandoned by the pragmatist, the theory of social conflict strengths his position because it provides a necessary viewpoint to any descriptive-normative social analysis and offers prom- ising tools in order to address contemporary social problems.
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