Cuestionario Revisado de Procesos de Estudio, Dos Factores (R-SPQ-2F): Validación psicométrica en estudiantes de educación media superior de Uruguay

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Fecha
07/2026
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Universidad César Vallejo
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PsiqueMag
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2307-0846
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Los enfoques de aprendizaje describen diferentes maneras que los estudiantes emplean para aprender. Su elección depende de la percepción que el alumno tiene del contexto de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Existen dos enfoques: superficial y profundo. El primero, describe un aprendizaje basado en una motivación extrínseca y el empleo de procesos cognitivos básicos (memorización). El segundo, refiere a un aprendizaje basado en una motivación intrínseca y procesos cognitivos complejos (articulación conceptual). Este trabajo propone adaptar lingüística conceptual y métricamente el Cuestionario Revisado de Procesos de Estudio, Dos Factores (R-SPQ-2F) a estudiantes de bachiller de Uruguay. Participaron 325 estudiantes de nivel medio. Se realizó la adaptación lingüística de la consigna e ítems. Luego, se analizaron evidencias de validez de contenido y aparente, que permitieron adecuar el instrumento al contexto local. Posteriormente, mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se verificó la estructura bifactorial del instrumento (índices CFI y TLI >.90, RMSEA y SRMR ≤ .08). Además, se verificó una adecuada consistencia interna de las dimensiones, tanto para el tanto para el enfoque profundo (.779), como para el superficial (.798). Por último, se obtuvieron evidencias de validez externa concurrente. Este trabajo aporta una herramienta que les permitiría a los profesionales del ámbito educativo evaluar los enfoques de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de modo válido y confiable.
Learning approaches describe different ways students learn. Their choice depends on the student’s perception of the teaching-learning context. There are two approaches: surface and deep. The first describes learning based on extrinsic motivation and basic cognitive processes (memorization). The second refers to learning based on intrinsic motivation and complex cognitive processes (conceptual articulation). This paper proposes a linguistic, conceptual, and metric adaptation of the Revised Study Processes Questionnaire, Two Factors (R-SPQ-2F) to secondary school students in Uruguay. A total of 325 secondary school students participated. The instructions and items were linguistically adapted. Evidence of content and face validity was then analyzed, allowing the instrument to be adapted to the local context. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the instrument’s bifactorial structure (CFI and TLI indices >.90, RMSEA and SRMR ≤ .08). Furthermore, adequate internal consistency of the dimensions was confirmed for both the deep (.779) and surface (.798) approaches. Finally, evidence of concurrent external validity was obtained. This work provides a tool that would allow education professionals to assess students’ learning approaches in a valid and reliable manner.
Learning approaches describe different ways students learn. Their choice depends on the student’s perception of the teaching-learning context. There are two approaches: surface and deep. The first describes learning based on extrinsic motivation and basic cognitive processes (memorization). The second refers to learning based on intrinsic motivation and complex cognitive processes (conceptual articulation). This paper proposes a linguistic, conceptual, and metric adaptation of the Revised Study Processes Questionnaire, Two Factors (R-SPQ-2F) to secondary school students in Uruguay. A total of 325 secondary school students participated. The instructions and items were linguistically adapted. Evidence of content and face validity was then analyzed, allowing the instrument to be adapted to the local context. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the instrument’s bifactorial structure (CFI and TLI indices >.90, RMSEA and SRMR ≤ .08). Furthermore, adequate internal consistency of the dimensions was confirmed for both the deep (.779) and surface (.798) approaches. Finally, evidence of concurrent external validity was obtained. This work provides a tool that would allow education professionals to assess students’ learning approaches in a valid and reliable manner.
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