Nanotechnology applied to personalized 3D dressings for diabetic feet

Abstract

Advances in nanotechnology are showing a major impact in the manufacture of biomaterials, electronics, and medicine. Nanotechnology based on biopolymers is a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of local diseases and infections. There is a wide range of applications for nanotechnology in the field of drug administration because this technology has improved the delivery of drugs to areas that were unfavorable to macromolecules, where it is targeted to specific sites and goal oriented. There is a wide range of nanoparticulate systems like carbon nanotubes, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and lipid nanoparticles, among others. The development of nanoparticles loaded with antibacterial drugs for the treatment of infections could improve the pharmacological therapy of the patient. These nanosystems should be placed on a vehicle for the design of enhanced dressings.Another technology that has become very relevant in the present day is 3D bioprinting, and relevant in the field of dressings, advances have been done. 3D bioprinting is largely performed with one of three additive manufacturing techniques: inkjet printing, extrusion printing, and laser-assisted printing. All three techniques require cells, biomolecules, and proteins to be suspended within a biotint that can be 3D printed. The developed hydrogels based on natural, nontoxic, biodegradable, and non-immunogenic linear polysaccharides with the addition of antibiotics and molecules with biological activity are the challenge of both 3D bioprinting and nanotechnology for the treatment of severe diseases or infections and thus improve the pharmacological therapy of the patient.Diabetic foot is an infection, ulceration, and destruction of deep tissues, associated with loss of sensitivity to pain and peripheral vascular disease of varying severity in the lower extremities. Foot ulcers in people with diabetes are one of the main causes for possible amputation. In the presence of necrotic tissue, as in the case of diabetic foot, treatment by debridement, removal of necrotic tissue and bacterial load from the wound bed, is recommended to decrease infection, pain, odor, and wound complications acute or chronic.This article proposes the development of nanosystems loaded with antimicrobial drug incorporated in personalized dressings in the 3D bioprinter for diabetic feet.