La deficiencia en el transporte de N-acetilglucosamina en Lysinibacillus sphaericus ASB13052 afecta el proceso de esporulación e incrementa la actividad hemolítica de su S-layer
; Bockor, Sabrina Sol
; Palomino, Maria Mercedes
; Fina Martin, Joaquina
; Ruzal, Sandra Mónica
; Allievi, Mariana Caludia 
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Fecha
07/2024
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Microbiología
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Revista Argentina de Microbiología
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0325-7541
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1851-7617
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Se considera que Lysinibacillus sphaericus y Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis son los mejores insecticidas biológicos para controlar larvas de mosquitos y una alternativa ecológica a los insecticidas químicos. L. sphaericus se caracteriza por depender de moléculas peptídicas como la N-acetilglucosamina para obtener fuentes de carbono y posee un sistema de transferencia de moléculas orgánicas, conocido como phosphotransferase system (PTS) para incorporarlas. Algunas cepas tienen proteínas S-layer, cuya participación en la retención de metales y en la actividad larvicida contra mosquitos portadores de enfermedades ya hemos demostrado. Dado que las alteraciones en el sistema de incorporación de aminoazúcares podrían afectar el perfil de proteínas y su funcionalidad, se estudió comparativamente la cepa ASB13052 y una mutante isogénica en el gen ptsH, preponderante en la vía de señalización del PTS. Por primera vez, se confirmó la presencia de proteínas S-layer N-glicosiladas en ambas cepas, con una variación en el patrón de su peso molecular según la fase de crecimiento. En fase exponencial, se encontró una proteína S-layer mayor de 130 kDa en la mutante ptsH, ausente en la cepa salvaje. La mutante presentó un proceso de esporulación alterado, incompleto y de calidad deficiente. El análisis de hemólisis, asociado a la actividad larvicida, mostró que la mutante posee mayor eficiencia de lisis, rasgo correlacionado con la proteína de alto peso molecular. Los resultados permiten proponer cuáles serían los efectos generados por la ausencia del transporte de N-acetilglucosamina sobre la actividad hemolítica, las isoformas de S-layer y la actividad larvicida de L. sphaericus.
Lysinibacillus sphaericus is a bacterium that, along with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, is considered the best biological insecticide for controlling mosquito larvae and an eco-friendly alternative to chemical insecticides. It depends on peptidic molecules such as Nacetylglucosamine to obtain carbon sources and possesses a phosphotransferase system (PTS) for their incorporation. Some strains carry S-layer proteins, whose involvement in metal retention and larvicidal activity against disease-carrying mosquitoes has been demonstrated. Alterations in the amino sugar incorporation system could affect the protein profile and functionality. Strain ASB13052 and the isogenic mutant in the ptsH gene, which is predominant in the PTS signaling pathway, were used in this study. For the first time, the presence of N-glycosylated Slayer proteins was confirmed in both strains, with a variation in their molecular weight pattern depending on the growth phase. In the exponential phase, an S-layer protein greater than 130 kDa was found in the ptsH mutant, which was absent in the wild-type strain. The mutant strain exhibited altered and incomplete low quality sporulation processes. Hemolysis analysis, associated with larvicidal activity, showed that the ptsH mutant has higher lytic efficiency, correlating with the high molecular weight protein. The results allow us to propose the potential effects that arise as a result of the absence of amino sugar transport on hemolytic activity, S-layer isoforms, and the role of N-acetylglucosamine in larvicidal activity.
Lysinibacillus sphaericus is a bacterium that, along with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, is considered the best biological insecticide for controlling mosquito larvae and an eco-friendly alternative to chemical insecticides. It depends on peptidic molecules such as Nacetylglucosamine to obtain carbon sources and possesses a phosphotransferase system (PTS) for their incorporation. Some strains carry S-layer proteins, whose involvement in metal retention and larvicidal activity against disease-carrying mosquitoes has been demonstrated. Alterations in the amino sugar incorporation system could affect the protein profile and functionality. Strain ASB13052 and the isogenic mutant in the ptsH gene, which is predominant in the PTS signaling pathway, were used in this study. For the first time, the presence of N-glycosylated Slayer proteins was confirmed in both strains, with a variation in their molecular weight pattern depending on the growth phase. In the exponential phase, an S-layer protein greater than 130 kDa was found in the ptsH mutant, which was absent in the wild-type strain. The mutant strain exhibited altered and incomplete low quality sporulation processes. Hemolysis analysis, associated with larvicidal activity, showed that the ptsH mutant has higher lytic efficiency, correlating with the high molecular weight protein. The results allow us to propose the potential effects that arise as a result of the absence of amino sugar transport on hemolytic activity, S-layer isoforms, and the role of N-acetylglucosamine in larvicidal activity.
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