Análisis de la calidad ambiental en un sector del Río Chico (Santa Cruz, Argentina) basado en bioindicadores bentónicos
; Martin, Juan Pablo ; Gárgano, Lucía
; Armendáriz, Laura Cecilia Otros responsables
Fecha
2019-05-28
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Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral
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Informes Científicos Técnicos
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1852-4516
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El río Chico, ubicado en el centro de Santa Cruz, recorre 600 km desde sus nacientes hasta su desembocadura. En su tramo medio, se encuentra la localidad de Gobernador Gregores (48°45'3"S, 70°14'54"O), que ejerce su influencia sobre el río a través de las actividades agropecuarias y el vertido de efluentes urbanos. Con el objetivo de conocer el grado de impacto sobre la calidad del agua del río, se realizó un análisis de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos y se calculó el índice Biotic Monitoring Patagonian Streams (BMPS). En marzo de 2017, se efectuó un primer relevamiento en seis estaciones de muestreo dispuestas en un diseño de gradiente de impacto, con dos estaciones control aguas arriba de la localidad y cuatro estaciones aguas abajo. En cada estación se tomaron muestras de agua para análisis fisicoquímicos, se registraron datos ambientales mediante sonda multiparamétrica y se recolectaron cuatro muestras de macrobentos utilizando una red Surber con malla de 0,5 mm de abertura. Los organismos recolectados fueron identificados y contabilizados bajo microscopios estereoscópico y óptico. Para cada muestra se calculó el número de taxones (S), la abundancia total (N), la diversidad (H’) y la equitatividad (J); los datos de abundancia se analizaron utilizando estadística multivariada. Se identificaron 25 taxones, siendo los mejor representados los oligoquetos Naididae, los hirudíneos, los moluscos Chilinidae y Lymnaeidae, y los insectos Chironomidae, Baetidae y Glossosomatidae. En las estaciones ubicadas aguas abajo más cercanas a la localidad, la comunidad se encontró dominada ampliamente por oligoquetos y quironómidos, y presentó los valores más bajos de S, H’ y J. Los valores de BMPS en esas estaciones indicaron la existencia de aguas contaminadas a fuertemente contaminadas. En las estaciones control y las más alejadas aguas abajo, los valores de S, H’ y J aumentaron significativamente y el índice BMPS indicó mejores condiciones en la calidad ambiental del río.
The Chico river, located in the center of Santa Cruz, runs 600 km from its source to its mouth. In its middle reaches, is the town of Gobernador Gregores (48° 45' 3"S, 70° 14' 54" W), which exerts influence on the river through agricultural activities and the discharge of urban sewages. In order to know the degree of impact on the water quality of the river, the analysis of the community of benthic macroinvertebrates was carried out and the Biotic Monitoring Patagonian Streams (BMPS) index was calculated. A first survey was performed in March 2017 at six sampling stations arranged in a gradient design, with two control stations upstream and four stations downstream of the town. At each station, water samples were taken for physicochemical analysis, environmental data were recorded with a multiparameter probe, and four samples of macrobenthos were collected using a Surber network with 0.5 mm mesh. The collected organisms were identified and counted under optic and stereoscopic microscopes. For each sample, species richness (S), total abundance (N), diversity (H’) and evenness (J) were calculated, and the abundance data were analyzed using multivariate statistics. A total of 25 taxa were identified. The best represented were the oligochaetes Naididae, the hirudineans, the mollusks Chilinidae and Lymnaeidae, and the insects Chironomidae, Baetidae and Glossosomatidae. At the stations located downstream closest to the town the community was dominated by oligochaetes and chironomids, and presented the lowest values of S, H’ and J. The values of BMPS at these stations indicated the existence of polluted to heavily polluted water. At the control and the furthest downstream stations, the values of S, H’ and J increased significantly, and the BMPS index indicated better conditions in the environmental quality of the river.
The Chico river, located in the center of Santa Cruz, runs 600 km from its source to its mouth. In its middle reaches, is the town of Gobernador Gregores (48° 45' 3"S, 70° 14' 54" W), which exerts influence on the river through agricultural activities and the discharge of urban sewages. In order to know the degree of impact on the water quality of the river, the analysis of the community of benthic macroinvertebrates was carried out and the Biotic Monitoring Patagonian Streams (BMPS) index was calculated. A first survey was performed in March 2017 at six sampling stations arranged in a gradient design, with two control stations upstream and four stations downstream of the town. At each station, water samples were taken for physicochemical analysis, environmental data were recorded with a multiparameter probe, and four samples of macrobenthos were collected using a Surber network with 0.5 mm mesh. The collected organisms were identified and counted under optic and stereoscopic microscopes. For each sample, species richness (S), total abundance (N), diversity (H’) and evenness (J) were calculated, and the abundance data were analyzed using multivariate statistics. A total of 25 taxa were identified. The best represented were the oligochaetes Naididae, the hirudineans, the mollusks Chilinidae and Lymnaeidae, and the insects Chironomidae, Baetidae and Glossosomatidae. At the stations located downstream closest to the town the community was dominated by oligochaetes and chironomids, and presented the lowest values of S, H’ and J. The values of BMPS at these stations indicated the existence of polluted to heavily polluted water. At the control and the furthest downstream stations, the values of S, H’ and J increased significantly, and the BMPS index indicated better conditions in the environmental quality of the river.
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