Desempeño ambiental del biodiesel de soja en Argentina desde el enfoque de nexo Agua-Energía-Alimentos
; Kock, Sven ; Arena, Alejandro Pablo 
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Fecha
07/2024
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Universidad Juan Agustín Maza
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Investigación, Ciencia y Universidad
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2525-1783
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Este trabajo expone los principales resultados de una evaluación del nexo Agua-Energía-Alimentos (AEA) bajo el enfoque de ciclo de vida para la producción de biodiesel de aceite de soja en la zona núcleo de Argentina. Se evaluaron dos modelos productivos según dos tecnologías agrícolas: soja de primera (ES) y soja de segunda (LS), ambas en siembra directa. El estudio se realizó considerando un alcance «desde la cuna hasta la puerta», para la unidad funcional «1 MJ de energía entregada por el biocombustible». Para la evaluación de impactos se propuso un enfoque metodológico que considera tres indicadores de eficiencia del nexo: Retorno de la inversión en energía no renovable; Retorno energético de la inversión en agua; y Retorno energético de la inversión en suelo productivo. Los resultados señalan que la energía entregada por el biocombustible es 2,4 veces superior a la energía necesaria para producirlo, siendo LS la tecnología de producción más alentadora. Así mismo, se observa que el sistema LS es el más eficiente en cuanto a la cantidad de energía entregada por unidad de volumen de agua invertida. Por el contrario, ES es más eficiente que LS cuando se considera la relación entre energía entregada y suelo productivo invertido, dado que su rendimiento de cosecha es mayor. Se concluye que el enfoque metodológico propuesto facilita la comprensión de los efectos del biocombustible en los tres componentes del nexo AEA, y que ninguno de los sistemas productivos estudiados es más eficiente que el otro, cuando se consideran los componentes simultáneamente.
This paper presents the main results of an evaluation of the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus under the life cycle approach for soybean oil biodiesel production in the core zone of Argentina. Two production models were evaluated according to two agricultural technologies: early (ES) and late soybean (LS), both in no-tillage. The study was carried out considering a «cradle to gate» scope, for the functional unit «1 MJ of energy delivered by the biofuel». For the evaluation of impacts, a methodological approach was proposed that considers three nexus efficiency indicators: Return on investment in nonrenewable energy; Return on energy investment in water; and Return on energy investment in productive land. The results show that the energy delivered by the biofuel is 2.4 times higher than the energy required to produce it, with LS being the most promising production technology. It is also observed that the LS system is the most efficient in terms of the amount of energy delivered per unit volume of water invested. On the other hand, ES is more efficient than LS when considering the ratio between energy delivered and productive soil invested, since its harvest yield is higher. It is concluded that the proposed methodological approach facilitates the understanding of the effects of biofuel on the three components of the WEF nexus, and that none of the production systems studied is more efficient than the other, when the components are considered simultaneously.
This paper presents the main results of an evaluation of the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus under the life cycle approach for soybean oil biodiesel production in the core zone of Argentina. Two production models were evaluated according to two agricultural technologies: early (ES) and late soybean (LS), both in no-tillage. The study was carried out considering a «cradle to gate» scope, for the functional unit «1 MJ of energy delivered by the biofuel». For the evaluation of impacts, a methodological approach was proposed that considers three nexus efficiency indicators: Return on investment in nonrenewable energy; Return on energy investment in water; and Return on energy investment in productive land. The results show that the energy delivered by the biofuel is 2.4 times higher than the energy required to produce it, with LS being the most promising production technology. It is also observed that the LS system is the most efficient in terms of the amount of energy delivered per unit volume of water invested. On the other hand, ES is more efficient than LS when considering the ratio between energy delivered and productive soil invested, since its harvest yield is higher. It is concluded that the proposed methodological approach facilitates the understanding of the effects of biofuel on the three components of the WEF nexus, and that none of the production systems studied is more efficient than the other, when the components are considered simultaneously.
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