Integración y dualismo: concepciones generales para tratar tensiones en las teorías de Pierre Bourdieu y Niklas Luhmann
; Becerra, Gaston 
Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2023
Editorial
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales
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Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales
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ISSN
0185-1918
eISSN
2448-492X
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Español
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Resumen
Este trabajo examina la manera en que Pierre Bourdieu y Niklas Luhmann problematizan una serie de tensiones centrales en el pensamiento sociológico, a la que denominamos concepción general y la hipotetizamos como rasgo identitario de cada teoría. Se atiende la tensión individuo/sociedad, constituyente del campo sociológico; la de realismo/constructivismo, pertinente a debates epistemológicos y ontológicos; y la de descripción/crítica, centrada en la finalidad de la labor sociológica. Posteriormente, se presenta la interpretación de las concepciones generales de cada autor y, con ese criterio ordenador se discute con la literatura especializada. Las conclusiones exponen que, con un planteamiento integrador, Bourdieu pretende desarticular lo que denomina falsas oposiciones, mientras que Luhmann propone una mirada sistémica en la que prima el principio de la diferencia, sugiriendo una concepción dualista. Finalmente, se explora la utilidad de las categorías introducidas para evaluar la coherencia interna de las teorías analizadas.
In this paper we examine the way in which Pierre Bourdieu and Niklas Luhmann problematize a series of central dichotomies or tensions in sociological thought. We elaborate on this problematization as a general conception, treating it as an identity feature of each theory. In the first place, the individual / society tension, constituent of the sociological field, is addressed; then, realism / constructivism, pertinent to epistemological and ontological debates; third, description / criticism, focused on the purpose of sociological work. Finally, our interpretation of the general conception of each theory is presented and used to discuss with the specialized literature. The conclusions show that, with an integrating approach, Bourdieu intends to dismantle what he calls false oppositions between the tensions, while Luhmann proposes a systemic look in which the principle of difference prevails, suggesting a dualist conception. Lastly, we explore and evaluate the usefulness of the introduced categories as conceptual tools to analyze the internal coherence of the theories.
In this paper we examine the way in which Pierre Bourdieu and Niklas Luhmann problematize a series of central dichotomies or tensions in sociological thought. We elaborate on this problematization as a general conception, treating it as an identity feature of each theory. In the first place, the individual / society tension, constituent of the sociological field, is addressed; then, realism / constructivism, pertinent to epistemological and ontological debates; third, description / criticism, focused on the purpose of sociological work. Finally, our interpretation of the general conception of each theory is presented and used to discuss with the specialized literature. The conclusions show that, with an integrating approach, Bourdieu intends to dismantle what he calls false oppositions between the tensions, while Luhmann proposes a systemic look in which the principle of difference prevails, suggesting a dualist conception. Lastly, we explore and evaluate the usefulness of the introduced categories as conceptual tools to analyze the internal coherence of the theories.
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