Rearranging Marital Settlement Agreements post-pandemics

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Editorial
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Nombre del evento
Congreso Mundial Extraordinario "Familia y Crisis: Atravesando la Pandemia"
Fecha del evento
2020-08-26
Institución organizadora
International Society of Family Law
Thomson Reuters
Thomson Reuters
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Resumen
Los efectos de la pandemia pueden medirse no sólo por su impacto directo en la salud de la población, sino también por sus efectos colaterales. Este trabajo examina el posible impacto de la crisis en los acuerdos económicos post divorcio. La pandemia pudo haber provocado que la situación económica de las partes haya cambiado drásticamente, incluso en algunos casos de forma permanente, desencadenando un incumplimiento de estos acuerdos. Incluso pueden haberse modificado las circunstancias que habían sido tenidas en cuenta por las partes o por los jueces para atribuir algunos derechos. Por ello, nos preguntamos si los acuerdos que contemplan previsiones económicas post divorcio podrían ser revisados. Si bien el legislador argentino ha previsto expresamente que el convenio homologado o la decisión judicial puedan ser revisados si la situación se ha modificado sustancialmente (Art.440), la diferente naturaleza jurídica de cada uno de los dispositivos (alimentos, atribución del uso de la vivienda, compensaciones económicas, distribución de bienes, etc.) amerita un tratamiento diferenciado. Entre los recursos que nos ofrece el Derecho Privado Argentino vigente, destacamos la posibilidad de aplicar la Teoría de la imprevisión, cuando la prestación a cargo de al menos una de las partes se ha tornado excesivamente onerosa por una alteración extraordinaria de las circunstancias. Por esta vía podría obtenerse la resolución del convenio o tal vez su reajuste. Son tiempos difíciles, y requieren de la mejor predisposición de todos para pensar soluciones creativas y temporarias, en términos de necesidades y posibilidades, atendiendo a las circunstancias excepcionales que pueden estar atravesando las partes, sobre todo los más vulnerables. En este contexto, es esencial crear un clima colaborativo; pero también que la mala conducta de las partes durante la crisis sea duramente sancionada. Finalmente, un criterio que no puede soslayarse es el impacto desproporcionado de la crisis en sujetos vulnerables (mujeres, niños, adultos mayores, etc.), que siempre deberá inclinar la balanza en favor de su protección.
The effects of the pandemic can be measured not only by its direct impact on the health of the population, but also by its collateral effects. This paper examines the possible impact of the crisis on marital settlement agreements. The pandemic might have caused personal financial situations to change dramatically, some permanently, which could be the trigger of contract breach. Also, the lockdown might have modified the circumstances that have been taken into account by the parties when making those agreements. We therefore wonder if these agreements could be reviewed. The Argentinian legislator has provided that an approved agreement or even a judicial decision can be reviewed if the situation has changed substantially (Article 440 Argentinian Civil and Commercial Code). However, the different legal nature of these financial provisions (alimony, child support, attribution of the use of the marital home, economic compensation, property distribution, etc.) forces us to adopt a differentiated approach. Among the legal tools offered by our Private Law, we highlight the possibility of applying the ‘Theory of Unpredictability’ which takes place when the contractual duties have become excessively onerous due to an extraordinary alteration of the circumstances. As a result, the contract could be renegotiated (which would permit its continuation), or terminated. During these difficult times, it is essential to find creative solutions, taking into account the exceptional circumstances the parties may be going through (especially the most vulnerable) and their needs and possibilities. It is vital to build a collaborative climate; but also, that the misconduct of the parties during the crisis is severely punished. Finally, a criterion that cannot be ignored is the disproportionate impact of the crisis on vulnerable individuals (women, children, elderly, etc.), which must always tip the balance in favor of their protection.
The effects of the pandemic can be measured not only by its direct impact on the health of the population, but also by its collateral effects. This paper examines the possible impact of the crisis on marital settlement agreements. The pandemic might have caused personal financial situations to change dramatically, some permanently, which could be the trigger of contract breach. Also, the lockdown might have modified the circumstances that have been taken into account by the parties when making those agreements. We therefore wonder if these agreements could be reviewed. The Argentinian legislator has provided that an approved agreement or even a judicial decision can be reviewed if the situation has changed substantially (Article 440 Argentinian Civil and Commercial Code). However, the different legal nature of these financial provisions (alimony, child support, attribution of the use of the marital home, economic compensation, property distribution, etc.) forces us to adopt a differentiated approach. Among the legal tools offered by our Private Law, we highlight the possibility of applying the ‘Theory of Unpredictability’ which takes place when the contractual duties have become excessively onerous due to an extraordinary alteration of the circumstances. As a result, the contract could be renegotiated (which would permit its continuation), or terminated. During these difficult times, it is essential to find creative solutions, taking into account the exceptional circumstances the parties may be going through (especially the most vulnerable) and their needs and possibilities. It is vital to build a collaborative climate; but also, that the misconduct of the parties during the crisis is severely punished. Finally, a criterion that cannot be ignored is the disproportionate impact of the crisis on vulnerable individuals (women, children, elderly, etc.), which must always tip the balance in favor of their protection.
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