Enriquecimiento ambiental: Un enfoque experimental para prevenir el parto prematuro. ¿Podemos "enriquecer el ambiente" de las embarazadas?
; Marvaldi, Carolina
; de la Cruz Borthiry, Fernanda Luz
; Aisemberg, Julieta
; Jensen, Cristian Federico
; Wolfson, Manuel Luis
; Franchi, Ana Maria 
Otros responsables
Fecha
01/2022
Editorial
Sociedad Argentina de Endocrinología Ginecológica y Reproductiva
Revista
Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Endocrinología Ginecológica y Reproductiva
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Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
1515-8845
eISSN
2469-0252
ISBN
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Español
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Palabras clave
Resumen
El estilo de vida antes y durante el embarazo afecta la salud materna y fetal. Numerosos estudios han demostrado que las intervenciones orientadas a reducir el estrés y la ansiedad materna tienen efectos positivos en algunas complicaciones de la gestación, como la preeclampsia, la pérdida temprana del embarazo, la diabetes gestacional y el parto prematuro. En modelos con animales, el enriquecimiento ambiental, definido como una combinación de estímulos biológicamente significativos y no invasivos de la vía sensitiva en combinación con actividad física, se ha evaluado en patologías de los sistemas sistema nervioso e inmunitario. Previamente, mediante un modelo murino de inflamación durante la preñez inducido por la administración sistémica de lipopolisacárido bacteriano, demostramos que el enriquecimiento ambiental materno, aplicado de manera periconcepcional, disminuye un 40% la tasa de parto prematuro y mejora las secuelas en la descendencia. Dado que en los seres humanos las intervenciones preconcepcionales suelen ser menos frecuentes y más difíciles de planificar, en este trabajo evaluamos la aplicación del protocolo de enriquecimiento ambiental solo durante la gestación. Utilizando el mismo modelo inflamatorio, observamos que la tasa as de parto prematu ro disminuyó en las hembras expuestas a un ambiente enriquecido solo durante el período gestacional. Sin embargo, no observamos mejoras en la tasa de preñez ni en la mortalidad perinatal. El enriquecimiento ambiental materno podría ser una terapia no invasiva y preventiva para las complicaciones del embarazo humano, que podría disminuir el riesgo de sufrir un parto prematuro y, en consecuencia, las secuelas presentes en los niños que nacen demasiado pronto.
Lifestyle before and during pregnancy affects maternal and fetal bealth. Several studies have shown that interventions aimed at reducing maternal stress and anxiety have positive effects on some pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, early pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth. In animal mоdels, environmental enrichment, defined as a combination of biologically significant, non-invasive stimuli from the sensory pathway mixed with voluntary pbysical activity, bas been evaluated in numerous pathologies of the nervous and immune systems. Previously, using a murine model of inflammation during pregnancy, induced by systemic administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, we demonstrated that maternal environmental enrichment, applied periconceptionally, reduces the preterm birth rate by 40% and improves the sequelae in the offspring. Since preconception interventions are also usually scarcer and difficult to plan in women, in this study we evaluate the application of the environmental enrichment protocol only during pregnancy. Using the same inflammatory model, we observed that the preterm birth rate decreased in those females exposed to an enriched environment only during the gestational period. However, we did not find improvements in the pregnancy rate nor perinatal mortality. Maternal environmental enrichment could be a non-invasive and preventive therapy for pregnancy complications transferable to pregnant women. This treatment could reduce the risk of preterm birth, and consequently, the sequelae present in children born too Soon.
Lifestyle before and during pregnancy affects maternal and fetal bealth. Several studies have shown that interventions aimed at reducing maternal stress and anxiety have positive effects on some pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, early pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth. In animal mоdels, environmental enrichment, defined as a combination of biologically significant, non-invasive stimuli from the sensory pathway mixed with voluntary pbysical activity, bas been evaluated in numerous pathologies of the nervous and immune systems. Previously, using a murine model of inflammation during pregnancy, induced by systemic administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, we demonstrated that maternal environmental enrichment, applied periconceptionally, reduces the preterm birth rate by 40% and improves the sequelae in the offspring. Since preconception interventions are also usually scarcer and difficult to plan in women, in this study we evaluate the application of the environmental enrichment protocol only during pregnancy. Using the same inflammatory model, we observed that the preterm birth rate decreased in those females exposed to an enriched environment only during the gestational period. However, we did not find improvements in the pregnancy rate nor perinatal mortality. Maternal environmental enrichment could be a non-invasive and preventive therapy for pregnancy complications transferable to pregnant women. This treatment could reduce the risk of preterm birth, and consequently, the sequelae present in children born too Soon.
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