Fabry disease in Argentina: clinical, biochemical and molecular correlation in all reported gla variants
; Valdez, Rita ; Rozenfeld, Paula Adriana 
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Fecha
01/2025
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Medicina (Buenos Aires)
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Medicina (Buenos Aires)
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0025-7680
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1669-9106
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Resumen
La enfermedad de Fabry es una enfermedad genética ligada al cromosoma X, causada por variantes patogénicas en el gen GLA, que produce deficiencia en la enzima alfa-galactosidasa A y acumulación de globotriaosilesfingosina (LysoGb3). Hay resultados conflictivos en la literatura acerca de la interpretación de los estudios de diagnóstico. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar el espectro de variantes en GLA con interpretación revisada y la correlación entre parámetros bioquímicos, clínicos y genéticos en pacientes adultos de Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Se recibieron muestras de sangre de pacientes con sospecha clínica de enfermedad de Fabry. Se realizaron los test específicos de laboratorio, que incluyeron medida de actividad de la enzima alfa-galactosidasa A, concentración de LysoGb3 y estudio genético del gen GLA. Resultados: Se detectaron 44 varones con variantes patogénicas en GLA. La medida de actividad enzimática fue deficiente, con valores de porcentaje medios respecto de los controles de 0.9 % para pacientes con las formas clásicas y 3.2% para los de las formas tardías. La concentración de LysoGb3 fue elevada en todos los varones, con valores significativamente mayores en pacientes clásicos que los tardíos. Discusión: Nuestros resultados mostraron que el análisis combinado de la clínica, actividad enzimática en leucocitos, concentración de globotriaosilesfingosina y variante genética llevó a un diagnóstico definitivo en todos los pacientes, aun en aquellos interpretados previamente como de significado incierto.
Introduction: Fabry disease is an X-linked trait due to pathogenic variants in the GLA gene, causing deficient GLA enzyme activity, and producing a chronic accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and its derivative globotriaosylsphingosine in tissues and fluids. Conflicting or discordant results of interpretation of multiple variants in GLA were reported in literature. The aim of this article is to report the spectrum of GLA variants in Argentine population, as well as the revised interpretation of variants classification. Moreover, we intend to find a possible correlation between biochemical parameters, clinical manifestations and genetic variants of adult male Fabry patients that could be of help for interpretation of variants. Materials and methods: Blood samples from patients with clinical suspicion of Fabry disease were evaluated for specific laboratory tests: alfa-galactosidase A enzyme activity, LysoGb3 and GLA genetic test. Results: There are 44 males with pathogenic GLA variants which showed deficient enzyme activity. Among them, thirty-two presented the classic phenotype (72%) and twelve the late onset clinical features (28%). Mean percentage of enzyme activity was 0.9 % for classical patients and 3.2% for later onset ones. LysoGb3 values were increased in all males, with classic patients showing considerable higher values than that of late onset. Discussion: Our results showed that the combined analysis of the clinical picture, leukocyte enzyme activity, globotriaosylsphingosine concentration and a detailed exhaustive study of the genetic variant lead to a definite diagnosis in those cases previously interpreted as of unknown significance, together with a revised interpretation of the phenotype.
Introduction: Fabry disease is an X-linked trait due to pathogenic variants in the GLA gene, causing deficient GLA enzyme activity, and producing a chronic accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and its derivative globotriaosylsphingosine in tissues and fluids. Conflicting or discordant results of interpretation of multiple variants in GLA were reported in literature. The aim of this article is to report the spectrum of GLA variants in Argentine population, as well as the revised interpretation of variants classification. Moreover, we intend to find a possible correlation between biochemical parameters, clinical manifestations and genetic variants of adult male Fabry patients that could be of help for interpretation of variants. Materials and methods: Blood samples from patients with clinical suspicion of Fabry disease were evaluated for specific laboratory tests: alfa-galactosidase A enzyme activity, LysoGb3 and GLA genetic test. Results: There are 44 males with pathogenic GLA variants which showed deficient enzyme activity. Among them, thirty-two presented the classic phenotype (72%) and twelve the late onset clinical features (28%). Mean percentage of enzyme activity was 0.9 % for classical patients and 3.2% for later onset ones. LysoGb3 values were increased in all males, with classic patients showing considerable higher values than that of late onset. Discussion: Our results showed that the combined analysis of the clinical picture, leukocyte enzyme activity, globotriaosylsphingosine concentration and a detailed exhaustive study of the genetic variant lead to a definite diagnosis in those cases previously interpreted as of unknown significance, together with a revised interpretation of the phenotype.
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