Synthesis of novel magnetic hydroxyapatite–biomass nanocomposite for arsenic and fluoride adsorption

Abstract

A magnetic nanocomposite of hydroxyapatite and biomass (HAp–CM) was synthesized through a combined ultrasonic and hydrothermal method, aiming for efficient adsorption of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F−) from drinking water in natural environments. The characterization of HAp–CM was carried out using TG, FTIR, XRD, SEM, SEM–EDS, and TEM techniques, along with the determination of pHpzc charge. FTIR analysis suggested that coordinating links are the main interactions that allow the formation of the nanocomposite. XRD data indicated that the crystalline structure of the constituent materials remained unaffected during the formation of HAp–CM. SEM–EDS analysis revelated a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.78. Adsorption assays conducted in batches demonstrated that As and F− followed a PSO kinetic model. Furthermore, As adsorption fitting well to the Langmuir model, while F− adsorption could be explained by both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacity of HAp–CM was found to be 5.0 mg g−1 for As and 10.2 mg g−1 for F−. The influence of sorbent dosage, pH, and the presence of coexisting species on adsorption capacity was explored. The pH significantly affected the nanocomposite´s efficiency in removing both pollutants. The presence of various coexisting species had different effects on F− removal efficiency, while As adsorption efficiency was generally enhanced, except in the case of PO43−. The competitive adsorption between F− and As on HAp–CM was also examined. The achieved results demonstrate that HAp–CM has great potential for use in a natural environment, particularly in groundwater remediation as a preliminary treatment for water consumption.