Cerebro y resiliencia: Bases biológicas, modelos experimentales y estrategias de intervención

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Fecha
04/2025
Editorial
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica
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Química Viva
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1666-7948
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Español
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Resumen
La resiliencia frente al estrés es un fenómeno complejo que involucra la capacidad de adaptarse a situaciones adversas, impactando en la salud mental. El estrés crónico, particularmente cuando se presenta durante períodos críticos del desarrollo, puede desencadenar trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, como la depresión y la ansiedad. A través de modelos animales, se ha observado que la respuesta al estrés varía entre individuos, algunos mostrando resiliencia y otros mayor susceptibilidad a desarrollar alteraciones emocionales. Este artículo aborda los mecanismos fisiológicos y moleculares involucrados en la respuesta al estrés, con énfasis en la resiliencia y la susceptibilidad, a través de cambios en la neuroarquitectura cerebral y la función de regiones clave como el hipocampo, la amígdala y la corteza prefrontal. El estudio de la resiliencia incluye la identificación de factores moleculares, celulares y regulación de circuitos neuronales que permiten a los individuos adaptarse al ambiente que lo rodea, lo cual podría conducir al desarrollo de estrategias terapéuticas.
Stress resilience is a complex phenomenon that involves the ability to adapt to adverse situations, impacting mental health. Chronic stress, particularly when experienced during critical periods of development, can trigger neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Through animal models, it has been observed that the response to stress varies among individuals, with some showing resilience and others susceptibility to developing emotional disturbances. This article addresses the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the stress response, with an emphasis on resilience and susceptibility, through changes in brain neuroarchitecture and the function of key regions such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. The study of resilience includes the identification of molecular, cellular, and neuronal circuit regulation factors that enable individuals to adapt to their surrounding environment, which could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies.
Stress resilience is a complex phenomenon that involves the ability to adapt to adverse situations, impacting mental health. Chronic stress, particularly when experienced during critical periods of development, can trigger neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Through animal models, it has been observed that the response to stress varies among individuals, with some showing resilience and others susceptibility to developing emotional disturbances. This article addresses the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the stress response, with an emphasis on resilience and susceptibility, through changes in brain neuroarchitecture and the function of key regions such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. The study of resilience includes the identification of molecular, cellular, and neuronal circuit regulation factors that enable individuals to adapt to their surrounding environment, which could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies.
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