Participación de los canales de cloruro en la salud cardiovascular y renal: Efectos de dietas altas en cloro sobre la presión arterial en un modelo experimental de sobrecarga salina
; Kim, Melanie ; Rukavina Mikusic, Natalia Lucía
; Lee, Hyun ; Galleano, Mónica Liliana
; Fernandez, Belisario Enrique
; Puyó, Ana María ; Choi, Marcelo Roberto 
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Fecha
02/2024
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Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología
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Revista Argentina de Cardiología
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0034-7000
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1850-3748
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Introducción: El consumo excesivo de sal (NaCl) en la dieta conduce al desarrollo de hipertensión arterial (HTA) y daño de órgano blanco. Se sabe que los canales ClC-K1 y ClC-5 son reguladores esenciales del anión Cl-, pero la contribución de este anión a los efectos deletéreos de la sal es aún desconocida. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la participación del Cl- en la respuesta inflamatoria y oxidativa renal y en el desarrollo de HTA. Material y métodos: Ratas Wistar macho se dividieron en cuatro grupos (n=8/grupo) y se alimentaron con diferentes dietas durante 3 semanas: control (grupo C); NaCl 8% (grupo NaCl); dieta alta en Na+: citrato de sodio (Na3C6H5O7) 11,8% (grupo Na); dieta alta en Cl-: cloruro de calcio (CaCl2) 3,80%, cloruro de potasio (KCl) 3,06% y cloruro de magnesio (MgCl2) 1,30% (grupo Cl). Se determinó la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), función renal, marcadores de estrés oxidativo y de inflamación en corteza renal, y la expresion renal de los canales de cloruro ClC-K1 y ClC-5. Resultados: Se observó un aumento de la PAS, actividad de Glutatión Peroxidasa (GPx) y expresión renal de factor nuclear kB (NFkB) y receptor de angiotensina II tipo 1 (AT1R) en los grupos NaCl y Cl (p<0,05). La producción de sustancias reactivas del ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) aumentó en los grupos experimentales con respecto a C. La expresión de la proteína de Parkinson 7 (PARK7) disminuyó en el grupo Cl en comparación con C (p< 0,05). Los grupos NaCl y Cl mostraron una mayor expresión de ClC-K1, mientras que ClC-5 se redujo en el grupo NaCl en comparación con C (p<0,05). Conclusión: El Cl- sería corresponsable, junto con el Na+, de desencadenar daño oxidativo e inflamatorio renal y aumentar la presión arterial; por ello se deduce la importancia de reducir la ingesta de ambos iones como medida preventiva no farmacológica para la prevención y control de la HTA. El rol de los canales ClC-k1 y ClC-5 como mediadores de este proceso queda aún por confirmarse.
Background: Excessive consumption of salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) in the diet leads to the development of hypertension (HTN) and target organ damage. It is known that the ClC-K1 and ClC-5 channels are essential regulators of the chloride (Cl-) anion, but the contribution of this anion to salt-harmful effects remains unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of Cl- in the renal inflammatory and oxidative response and in the development of HTN. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8/group) and fed with different diets for 3 weeks: control (C group); NaCl 8% (NaCl group); high Na+ diet: sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) 11.8% (Na group); high Cl- diet: calcium chloride (CaCl2) 3.80%, potassium chloride (KCl) 3.06% and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) 1.30% (Cl group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), renal function, oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the renal cortex, and renal expression of the chloride ClC-K1 and ClC-5 channels were assessed.Results: An increase in SBP, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and renal expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were observed in the NaCl and Cl groups (p<0.05). The production of thiobarbi-turic acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased in the experimental groups compared with C. The expression of Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) decreased in the Cl group compared with C (p< 0.05). The NaCl and Cl groups showed increased expression of ClC-K1, while ClC-5 was reduced in the NaCl group compared with C (p<0.05)Conclusion: Cl- would be co-responsible together with Na+ in triggering oxidative and inflammatory kidney damage and increasing blood pressure. This indicates the importance of reducing the intake of both ions as a non-pharmacological pre-ventive measure for the prevention and control of HTN. The role of ClC-K1 and ClC-5 channels as mediators of this process remains to be confirmed.
Background: Excessive consumption of salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) in the diet leads to the development of hypertension (HTN) and target organ damage. It is known that the ClC-K1 and ClC-5 channels are essential regulators of the chloride (Cl-) anion, but the contribution of this anion to salt-harmful effects remains unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of Cl- in the renal inflammatory and oxidative response and in the development of HTN. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8/group) and fed with different diets for 3 weeks: control (C group); NaCl 8% (NaCl group); high Na+ diet: sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) 11.8% (Na group); high Cl- diet: calcium chloride (CaCl2) 3.80%, potassium chloride (KCl) 3.06% and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) 1.30% (Cl group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), renal function, oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the renal cortex, and renal expression of the chloride ClC-K1 and ClC-5 channels were assessed.Results: An increase in SBP, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and renal expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were observed in the NaCl and Cl groups (p<0.05). The production of thiobarbi-turic acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased in the experimental groups compared with C. The expression of Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) decreased in the Cl group compared with C (p< 0.05). The NaCl and Cl groups showed increased expression of ClC-K1, while ClC-5 was reduced in the NaCl group compared with C (p<0.05)Conclusion: Cl- would be co-responsible together with Na+ in triggering oxidative and inflammatory kidney damage and increasing blood pressure. This indicates the importance of reducing the intake of both ions as a non-pharmacological pre-ventive measure for the prevention and control of HTN. The role of ClC-K1 and ClC-5 channels as mediators of this process remains to be confirmed.
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