Artificial wrecks: Unwanted consequences of the deliberate sinking of ships for recreational diving
; Battini, Nicolás
; Bravo, Gonzalo
; Trobbiani, Gastón Andres
; Schwindt, Evangelina 
Otros responsables
Fecha
03/2025
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Ecología
Revista
Ecología Austral
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ISSN
0327-5477
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Resumen
Los arrecifes artificiales son estructuras sumergidas de origen antrópico. En particular, los arrecifes artificiales a partir del hundimiento intencional de buques obsoletos se utilizan a menudo para crear parques y fomentar el turismo subacuático. Una vez hundidos, una diversa comunidad de organismos bentónicos coloniza rápidamente estos pecios artificiales. La industria del buceo recreativo valora esto de forma positiva, y es su principal argumento para promover los hundimientos. Sin embargo, existe una cantidad creciente de evidencias que muestran que los pecios artificiales no sustituyen los arrecifes naturales, y que, en cambio, pueden alterar procesos ecológicos complejos como la estructura de las tramas tróficas o incrementar el riesgo de establecimiento y dispersión de especies marinas invasoras. En este artículo discutimos diversas inquietudes sobre las consecuencias socioecológicas no deseadas de crear arrecifes artificiales mediante el hundimiento intencional de buques obsoletos, y problematizamos el paradigma de que esta práctica favorece la conservación marina. Aunque reconocemos que este tipo de arrecifes artificiales tienen beneficios económicos e, incluso, algunos efectos positivos en el ambiente, argumentamos que estos beneficios suelen alcanzar solo a una porción de la sociedad y que es una práctica que requiere ser discutida en un contexto más participativo. También discutimos aquí las implicancias para la gestión y proponemos ideas para fomentar el buceo recreativo mediante enfoques más sostenibles en términos ambientales. Esperamos aportar puntos de vista que conduzcan a avanzar en una gestión más integral y participativa de las áreas marino-costeras.
Artificial reefs are submerged human-made objects. In particular, the artificial wrecks areintentionally submerged obsolete ships. Once deployed, these wrecks are rapidly colonized by diverse benthic communities. Currently, this effect is positively valued by the recreational diving industry, which uses this colonization effect as one of the main arguments to promote the deployment of artificial wrecks. However, there is increasing evidence that artificial wrecks are not a substitute for natural reefs and may alter complex ecological processes such as food web structure and increase the likelihood of invasive species establishment and spread. Here, we discuss our main concerns related to the unintended socioecological consequences of the creation of artificial wrecks, problematizing the paradigm that this practice favours marine conservation. Although we recognize that artificial wrecks have positive economic, social and even some environmental outcomes, we argue that the benefits are often usufructed by only a portion of society and that this practice requires a broader discussion. Finally, we also discuss the management implications of these concerns and propose alternatives to encourage recreational diving through the adoption of more environmentally sustainable and socially participative approaches. Hopefully, this will lead to better and more consensual practices for the management of coastal areas.
Artificial reefs are submerged human-made objects. In particular, the artificial wrecks areintentionally submerged obsolete ships. Once deployed, these wrecks are rapidly colonized by diverse benthic communities. Currently, this effect is positively valued by the recreational diving industry, which uses this colonization effect as one of the main arguments to promote the deployment of artificial wrecks. However, there is increasing evidence that artificial wrecks are not a substitute for natural reefs and may alter complex ecological processes such as food web structure and increase the likelihood of invasive species establishment and spread. Here, we discuss our main concerns related to the unintended socioecological consequences of the creation of artificial wrecks, problematizing the paradigm that this practice favours marine conservation. Although we recognize that artificial wrecks have positive economic, social and even some environmental outcomes, we argue that the benefits are often usufructed by only a portion of society and that this practice requires a broader discussion. Finally, we also discuss the management implications of these concerns and propose alternatives to encourage recreational diving through the adoption of more environmentally sustainable and socially participative approaches. Hopefully, this will lead to better and more consensual practices for the management of coastal areas.
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