Costras biológicas en sitios de monte con diferentes niveles de perturbación
; Zeberio, Juan Manuel 
Otros responsables
Fecha
2013
Editorial
Vazquez Mazzini
Revista
Título del libro
Rehabilitación en la Diagonal Árida de la Argentina
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
eISSN
ISBN
978-987-9132-40-1
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
Las costras biológicas son importantes en los ecosistemas semiáridos, por su papel en el incremento de la estabilidad del suelo, la protección frente a la acción erosiva de la lluvia y el viento, y su aporte de carbono y nitrógeno. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la presencia y composición de costras biológicas, su representatividad en la cobertura del suelo y su relación con la cobertura de herbáceas y arbustivas en un sector del Monte. El área de estudio corresponde al departamento de Adolfo Alsina, provincia de Río Negro. Se eligieron tres sitios perturbados sometidos a diferentes presiones de pastoreo. En cada sitio se trazaron 10 parcelas de 1m2 para evaluar costras, hierbas y porcentaje de suelo desnudo, empleando parcelas de 4m2 para arbustos. La cobertura se estimó por medio de la escala BraunBlanquet. En cada parcela se recolectó una muestra de la costra, y se identificó su composición en el laboratorio. Los resultados mostraron la presencia de musgos, cianobacterias, algas y líquenes. Se aprecia un aumento significativo en la cobertura de arbustos y una disminución en el porcentaje de hierbas entre las zonas de pastoreo medio y alto con respecto a la zona de baja carga animal. No se observan diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de suelo desnudo; sin embargo, el tamaño de los interparches es menor en los sitios mejor conservados. Las áreas más degradadas presentan mayor cobertura de costras, destacando su papel como camas de semillas, lo que facilitaría la emergencia de plántulas en ecosistemas semiáridos.
Biological soil crusts are important in arid ecosystems, for its role in increase soil stability, give protection from the rain and wind erosion, affect carbon and nitrogen soil input. We studied the presence and composition of biological soil crusts, its representation in soil coverage and its relationship with herbaceous and shrub coverage in the fitogeographic province of Monte. The study area is located in the Adolfo Alsina Department, Río Negro Province. We selected three disturbed sites under different grazing conditions. In each site, ten plots of 1 m2 were examined for evaluate crusts, herbs and bare soil, and plots of 4 m2 were used for shrubs. Coverage was estimated using Braun-Blanquet scale. A sample of the biological soil crusts was collected from each plot, and their composition was identified in the laboratory. Results showed the presence of mosses, cyanobacteria, algae and lichens in the crusts. A significantly increase in shrubs coverage and decrease in grass coverage were showed from medium and high grazing rates sites to low grazing area. No significantly differences were found in the percent of bare soil, but the inter-patches size was smaller in the best preserved area. Soil crusts size was bigger in the more disturbed area. These crusts have an important role as seed beds, and could be used as facilitators of seed germination and seedling establishment in arid ecosystems.
Biological soil crusts are important in arid ecosystems, for its role in increase soil stability, give protection from the rain and wind erosion, affect carbon and nitrogen soil input. We studied the presence and composition of biological soil crusts, its representation in soil coverage and its relationship with herbaceous and shrub coverage in the fitogeographic province of Monte. The study area is located in the Adolfo Alsina Department, Río Negro Province. We selected three disturbed sites under different grazing conditions. In each site, ten plots of 1 m2 were examined for evaluate crusts, herbs and bare soil, and plots of 4 m2 were used for shrubs. Coverage was estimated using Braun-Blanquet scale. A sample of the biological soil crusts was collected from each plot, and their composition was identified in the laboratory. Results showed the presence of mosses, cyanobacteria, algae and lichens in the crusts. A significantly increase in shrubs coverage and decrease in grass coverage were showed from medium and high grazing rates sites to low grazing area. No significantly differences were found in the percent of bare soil, but the inter-patches size was smaller in the best preserved area. Soil crusts size was bigger in the more disturbed area. These crusts have an important role as seed beds, and could be used as facilitators of seed germination and seedling establishment in arid ecosystems.
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