Atención del dengue en un servicio de emergencias durante 2023 y 2024

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Fecha
03/2025
Editorial
Fundacion MF
Revista
Evidencia
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1667-5703
eISSN
1851-9776
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Español
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Resumen
Introducción. En 2024 Argentina se enfrentó al peor brote de dengue en la historia, en un contexto marcado por altos costos sanitarios y escasez de recursos. Si bien la normativa permitía la confirmación de casos por nexo epidemiológico sin pruebas confirmatorias, su aplicación fue inconsistente en distintos ámbitos. Objetivo. Describir las características, el uso de recursos y los desenlaces clínicos de los pacientes con sospecha clínica de dengue asistidos durante el primer cuatrimestre de 2024 comparando los datos con el mismo período de 2023. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo, con datos secundarios de la historia clínica electrónica de un hospital privado universitario de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Las consultas a la guardia externa por sospecha de dengue realizadas por pacientes adultos fueron identificadas a partir de las Fichas de Notificación Obligatoria del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de la Salud. A nivel institucional, durante el brote de 2024 se habilitó la confirmación por nexo epidemiológico, sin requerir pruebas confirmatorias, quedando el laboratorio restringido a pacientes con signos de alarma, factores de riesgo o formas graves. Resultados. Fueron detectados 186 pacientes con sospecha de dengue en 2023 y 1.617 en 2024; los casos confirmados también aumentaron de 111 a 443, respectivamente. La mayoría de los afectados fueron jóvenes en ambos períodos. En comparación con el año anterior, durante 2024 hubo un aumento en el reporte de cefalea, dolor retroocular y náuseas/ vómitos como parte de la presentación clínica. Las reconsultas disminuyeron a los 2 y 7 días (p=0,01), al igual que las extracciones de laboratorio en los 30 días posteriores a la consulta índice (82,79 % en 2023, 49,65 % en 2014). No se registraron internaciones ni muertes por dengue. Conclusiones. Este estudio evidenció un notable aumento de casos de dengue en una central de emergencias durante el brote de 2024. A pesar de la escasez de recursos y la disminución de pruebas serológicas, la atención sanitaria se ajustó a la emergencia, sin aumento de desenlaces adversos como internaciones o muertes.
Background. In 2024, Argentina faced the worst dengue outbreak in its history within a context marked by high healthcare costs and resource scarcity. Although regulations allowed for case confirmation through epidemiological linkage without confirmatory tests, its application was inconsistent across different settings. Objective. To describe the characteristics, resource usage, and clinical outcomes of patients with suspected dengue attended during the first quarter of 2024, comparing data with the same period in 2023. Methods. A retrospective observational study, using secondary data obtained from electronic medical records from a private university hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Emergency department consultations of adult patients with suspected dengue fever were identified from the Mandatory Notification Form of the National Health Surveillance System. At an institutional level, during the 2024 outbreak, confirmation via epidemiological linkage was enabled without requiring confirmatory tests. Meanwhile, laboratory testing was restricted to patients with warning signs, risk factors, or severe cases. Results. In 2023, 186 patients with suspected dengue were detected; in 2024, this number increased to 1,617. The majority were young adults, with an increase in the clinical presentation of headache, retro-orbital pain, and nausea/vomiting. Confirmed cases increased from 111 to 443. Laboratory tests performed within 30 days decreased from 82.79 % to 49.65 %. During 2024, 652/1,617 patients (40.32 %) received a diagnostic method for dengue confirmation. Follow-up visits decreased at 2 and 7 days (p=0.01). No hospitalizations or deaths due to dengue were recorded. Conclusions. This study showed a significant increase in dengue cases at an emergency department during the 2024 outbreak. Despite the scarcity of resources and the reduction in serological testing, healthcare was appropriately adjusted to the emergency situation, with no increase in adverse outcomes such as hospitalizations or deaths.
Background. In 2024, Argentina faced the worst dengue outbreak in its history within a context marked by high healthcare costs and resource scarcity. Although regulations allowed for case confirmation through epidemiological linkage without confirmatory tests, its application was inconsistent across different settings. Objective. To describe the characteristics, resource usage, and clinical outcomes of patients with suspected dengue attended during the first quarter of 2024, comparing data with the same period in 2023. Methods. A retrospective observational study, using secondary data obtained from electronic medical records from a private university hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Emergency department consultations of adult patients with suspected dengue fever were identified from the Mandatory Notification Form of the National Health Surveillance System. At an institutional level, during the 2024 outbreak, confirmation via epidemiological linkage was enabled without requiring confirmatory tests. Meanwhile, laboratory testing was restricted to patients with warning signs, risk factors, or severe cases. Results. In 2023, 186 patients with suspected dengue were detected; in 2024, this number increased to 1,617. The majority were young adults, with an increase in the clinical presentation of headache, retro-orbital pain, and nausea/vomiting. Confirmed cases increased from 111 to 443. Laboratory tests performed within 30 days decreased from 82.79 % to 49.65 %. During 2024, 652/1,617 patients (40.32 %) received a diagnostic method for dengue confirmation. Follow-up visits decreased at 2 and 7 days (p=0.01). No hospitalizations or deaths due to dengue were recorded. Conclusions. This study showed a significant increase in dengue cases at an emergency department during the 2024 outbreak. Despite the scarcity of resources and the reduction in serological testing, healthcare was appropriately adjusted to the emergency situation, with no increase in adverse outcomes such as hospitalizations or deaths.
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