Variaciones en la vitalidad de los líquenes en respuesta a diferentes niveles de urbanización y características microambientales en la ciudad de Salta (Argentina)
; Moraña, Liliana Beatriz Otros responsables
Fecha
09/2025
Editorial
Universidad del Valle
Revista
Revista de Ciencias
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ISSN
0121-1935
eISSN
2248-4000
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Español
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El uso de líquenes para evaluar el estado de contaminación atmosférica constituye unaalternativa a las estaciones automáticas de monitoreo cuya instalación y mantenimientosupone un elevado costo. Se evaluó la variación del contenido de pigmentosfotosintéticos en respuesta a diferentes niveles de urbanización de la ciudad de Salta(Argentina). Se consideraron dos sitios, S1= barrio Tres Cerritos y S2= reservamunicipal Cerro San Bernardo. Talos de Parmotrema perlatum (Hudson) M. Choisyfueron recolectados en un área rural y trasplantados a cada sitio. Luego de cuatromeses de exposición durante la estación seca se cuantificaron los pigmentos empleandotécnicas espectrofotométricas. In situ se midieron temperatura, humedad yluminosidad; en laboratorio pH y conductividad de la corteza de los forófitos. Estasvariables, con excepción de la luminosidad, se diferenciaron entre sitios. Lasconcentraciones de clorofila a, b y clorofila total resultaron significativamente menoresen S1, los carotenoides y el cociente Clb/Cla, fueron similares entre sitios. Lospigmentos fotosintéticos mostraron ser parámetros sensibles a los diferentes gradosde urbanización y al consecuente aporte de contaminantes atmosféricos. Los resultadosresaltan la importancia de los líquenes como una herramienta adecuada paraprogramas de biomonitoreo de la calidad atmosférica en las ciudades.
Using lichens to evaluate the state of atmospheric pollution constitutes an alternative to automatic monitoring stations whose installation and maintenance involve a high cost. The variation of photosynthetic pigment content in lichens was evaluated in response to different levels of urbanization and microenvironmental characteristics of the city. Two sites were considered (site 1= Tres Cerritos neighborhood, with greater population density and vehicular traffic; site 2= Cerro San Bernardo municipal reserve). Thalli of Parmotrema perlatum (Hudson) M. Choisy were collected in a rural area and transplanted to each site. After four months of exposure during the dry season, the pigments were quantified using spectrophotometric techniques. Temperature, humidity and luminosity were measured in situ; in the laboratory pH and conductivity of the phorophyte bark. These variables, except luminosity, differed between sites. The chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll concentrations were significantly lower in site 1. At the same time, both sites had similar carotenoids and the Clb/Cla ratio. Photosynthetic pigments were parameters sensitive to the degrees of urbanization and the consequent contribution of atmospheric pollutants. Results underline the importance of lichens as an appropriate tool for biomonitoring programs of atmospheric quality in urban areas.
Using lichens to evaluate the state of atmospheric pollution constitutes an alternative to automatic monitoring stations whose installation and maintenance involve a high cost. The variation of photosynthetic pigment content in lichens was evaluated in response to different levels of urbanization and microenvironmental characteristics of the city. Two sites were considered (site 1= Tres Cerritos neighborhood, with greater population density and vehicular traffic; site 2= Cerro San Bernardo municipal reserve). Thalli of Parmotrema perlatum (Hudson) M. Choisy were collected in a rural area and transplanted to each site. After four months of exposure during the dry season, the pigments were quantified using spectrophotometric techniques. Temperature, humidity and luminosity were measured in situ; in the laboratory pH and conductivity of the phorophyte bark. These variables, except luminosity, differed between sites. The chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll concentrations were significantly lower in site 1. At the same time, both sites had similar carotenoids and the Clb/Cla ratio. Photosynthetic pigments were parameters sensitive to the degrees of urbanization and the consequent contribution of atmospheric pollutants. Results underline the importance of lichens as an appropriate tool for biomonitoring programs of atmospheric quality in urban areas.
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