Composición y estructura de la vegetación del hábitat reproductivo de la loica pampeana (Leistes Defilippii) en la Pampa Austral

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03/2024
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Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara
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Revista Historia Natural
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0326-1778
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La loica pampeana (Leistes defilippii) es una especie de alta dependencia por pastizales habiendo manifestado una marcada reducción poblacional debido a la modificación de estos hábitats por la actividad agrícola-ganadera. Su delicado estado de conservación contrasta con el escaso conocimiento existente sobre la estructura florística de los pastizales que utiliza en su ciclo anual, en particular durante su reproducción. En el año 2020, en dos áreas de la Pampa Austral (partidos de Bahía Blanca y Tornquist, Buenos Aires, Argentina), se describió y comparó la composición y estructura de la vegetación en sectores elegidos para reproducirse con pastizales en apariencia adecuados para esto, pero donde no lo hicieron. Se cuantificaron un promedio de 86 parejas por lote en Bahía Blanca y 74 en Tornquist. En ambos casos, se encontró una dominancia en el paisaje de la gramínea nativa Nassella trichotoma, característica de pastizales naturales degradados, y los sitios donde reprodujeron mostraron mayor diversidad de especies vegetales nativas y dominancia del grupo funcional “gramíneas blandas”. Estos sitios, además, presentaron una vegetación de altura mayor a 25 cm, con una cobertura de aproximadamente el 100%. En general, los resultados fueron coincidentes con otros estudios en cuanto a la necesidad de L. defilippii por pastizales heterogéneos con un pastoreo moderado. Como aspecto novedoso se destaca la importancia de incorporar la escala de paisaje en la estrategia de conservación, ya que la elección de sitios para reproducir, parecería obedecer más a la fisonomía general del pastizal que a la composición de especies de plantas que lo componen.
The pampas meadowlark (Leistes defilippii) is an endangered species that depends on grasslands, and its populations have declined due to grassland modification through agricultural practices. Despite its conservation status there is limited information on the floristic composition of its preferred habitats, particularly for breeding. During 2020, in two study sites located in the southern Pampas of Argentina (Bahía Blanca and Tornquist), we quantified the structure and composition of the vegetation in plots where meadowlarks bred and compared them with similar, but unused, plots with apparent suitable habitat nearby. In Bahía Blanca we recorded an average of 86 breeding pairs, and 74 in Tornquist. In both breeding plots the dominant plant species was the native grass Nasella trichotoma, which is common in degraded natural grasslands. In addition, breeding plots had higher diversity of native plants and were dominated by the functional group “soft grasses”. In these plots, grasses were also higher than 25 cm, and plant cover was nearly 100%. These results match those of other studies indicating that the pampas meadowlark prefers heterogenous grasslands with moderate grazing levels. Our results also highlight the importance of incorporating landscape-level measurements into conservation efforts, given that the choice of breeding sites seems to be mostly influenced by the general structure of the grassland, rather than its species composition.
The pampas meadowlark (Leistes defilippii) is an endangered species that depends on grasslands, and its populations have declined due to grassland modification through agricultural practices. Despite its conservation status there is limited information on the floristic composition of its preferred habitats, particularly for breeding. During 2020, in two study sites located in the southern Pampas of Argentina (Bahía Blanca and Tornquist), we quantified the structure and composition of the vegetation in plots where meadowlarks bred and compared them with similar, but unused, plots with apparent suitable habitat nearby. In Bahía Blanca we recorded an average of 86 breeding pairs, and 74 in Tornquist. In both breeding plots the dominant plant species was the native grass Nasella trichotoma, which is common in degraded natural grasslands. In addition, breeding plots had higher diversity of native plants and were dominated by the functional group “soft grasses”. In these plots, grasses were also higher than 25 cm, and plant cover was nearly 100%. These results match those of other studies indicating that the pampas meadowlark prefers heterogenous grasslands with moderate grazing levels. Our results also highlight the importance of incorporating landscape-level measurements into conservation efforts, given that the choice of breeding sites seems to be mostly influenced by the general structure of the grassland, rather than its species composition.
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