La pesca artesanal como sistema socioecológico: aportes del conocimiento local en el Sudoeste Bonaerense
; Verón, Eleonora Marta
; Echeverría, Luciana ; Allega, Lucrecia ; Socrate, Juliana ; Garcia, Monica ; Jaureguizar, Andrés Javier 
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Fecha
12/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo
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Revista Universitaria de Geografía
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0326-8373
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Español
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Resumen
Las zonas costero-marinas constituyen un sistema socio-ecológico complejo, donde la pesca artesanal es una de las actividades económicas y sociales de mayor relevancia. La percepción de los pescadores sobre aspectos biológicos, ecológicos y ambientales es crucial, ya que su conocimiento influye en la efectividad de las medidas de gestión y en la resiliencia del sistema en su conjunto. Sobre esta base, se caracterizó el sistema físico-natural del Sudoeste Bonaerense y los problemas de la actividad, según la percepción de los pescadores. Arriban a la playa con sus embarcaciones remolcadas por tractores o camionetas que dejan en la costa. Durante la época estival la actividad presenta interferencia negativa con el turista. La gran mayoría extrae hasta 5 especies (68 %) y perciben un deterioro tanto en la calidad (78 %) como en la abundancia (56 %) de los recursos pesqueros con respecto a temporadas de pesca anteriores. El viento (61 %), las corrientes costeras (57 %) y la temperatura del agua (57 %) son percibidas como las variables ambientales más importantes. Los pescadores poseen un conocimiento significativo sobre su zona costero-marina. El abordaje de las problemáticas detectadas en las políticas de gestión podría mejorar la conservación de los recursos y el sustento de las comunidades locales.
Coastal-marine areas constitute complex socio-ecological systems, in which artisanal fishing represents one of the most significant economic and social activities. Fishers’ perceptions of biological, ecological, and environmental processes are crucial, as their knowledge influences the effectiveness of management measures and the overall resilience of the system. On this basis, this study characterizes the physical-natural system of the Southwestern Buenos Aires region and the main problems affecting artisanal fishing, as perceived by fishers. Fishers access the shoreline with their boats towed by tractors or pickup trucks, which remain on the coast. During the summer season, the activity experiences negative interference from tourism. Most fishers harvest up to five species (68 %) and perceive a deterioration in both the quality (78 %) and the abundance (56 %) of fishery resources compared to previous fishing seasons. Wind (61 %), coastal currents (57 %), and water temperature (57 %) are identified as the most relevant environmental variables influencing fishing activity. The results indicate that fishers possess substantial and detailed knowledge of their coastal-marine environment. Incorporating the identified issues and local ecological knowledge into fisheries management policies could contribute to improved resource conservation and the sustainability of local livelihoods.
Coastal-marine areas constitute complex socio-ecological systems, in which artisanal fishing represents one of the most significant economic and social activities. Fishers’ perceptions of biological, ecological, and environmental processes are crucial, as their knowledge influences the effectiveness of management measures and the overall resilience of the system. On this basis, this study characterizes the physical-natural system of the Southwestern Buenos Aires region and the main problems affecting artisanal fishing, as perceived by fishers. Fishers access the shoreline with their boats towed by tractors or pickup trucks, which remain on the coast. During the summer season, the activity experiences negative interference from tourism. Most fishers harvest up to five species (68 %) and perceive a deterioration in both the quality (78 %) and the abundance (56 %) of fishery resources compared to previous fishing seasons. Wind (61 %), coastal currents (57 %), and water temperature (57 %) are identified as the most relevant environmental variables influencing fishing activity. The results indicate that fishers possess substantial and detailed knowledge of their coastal-marine environment. Incorporating the identified issues and local ecological knowledge into fisheries management policies could contribute to improved resource conservation and the sustainability of local livelihoods.
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