Representaciones sobre la escritura y su enseñanza en propuestas editoriales para el secundario. Un recorrido entre 1960 y 2010

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Fecha
12/2014
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Educación
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Traslaciones
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2362-6194
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Resumen
El propósito del presente trabajo consiste en revisar las perspectivas en torno a la enseñanza de la escritura en la escuela secundaria, a lo largo de cinco décadas, entre 1960 y 2010, en la Argentina. Para acotar el abordaje y, teniendo en cuenta las dificultades que conlleva analizar las prácticas en el aula, nos abocamos a indagar las consignas de escritura literaria en libros de texto. A través del análisis damos cuenta de que existen tres modelos históricos prototípicos de la enseñanza de la escritura, vinculados no solo con los cambios producidos por las reformas curriculares sino también con los diferentes escenarios editoriales. En una primera etapa, que abarca los libros editados hasta mitad de la década de 1980, se propone la enseñanza de la composición y la imposición de modelos a seguir. En segundo término, en los manuales editados a partir del advenimiento de la democracia, se le asigna una gran relevancia a la escritura en proceso y la dinámica de taller literario. En un tercer periodo, el eje lo constituyen la sociabilización de los textos y la enseñanza a partir de proyectos. A través del análisis, se corrobora que las propuestas editoriales de cada una de estas etapas ofrecen diferentes representaciones sociales de la escritura y de los sujetos implicados, en la medida en que fomentan ciertos saberes y habilidades, y soslayan otros. Finalmente, se plantea la reflexión sobre los desafíos que, en la actualidad, enfrenta la enseñanza de la escritura en la escuela.
The purpose of this work is to review the perspectives related to the teaching of writing in high schools throughout five decades, from 1960 to 2010, in Argentina. In order to narrow the theoretical framework, and considering the difficulties associated to the analysis of classroom practices, we focus our study on the instructions for literary writing in high school textbooks. Through the analysis, we account for three prototypical historical models in the teaching of writing, associated not only to changes produced by curriculum reforms, but also to different scenarios in the publishing industry. In a first period, encompassing textbooks published until the mid 1980’s, we find instructions that put forward the teaching of the “composition” (essay writing) and the imposition of models to follow. In a second period, involving textbooks published after the establishment of democracy and characterized with nodular changes in the conception of written production, the analyzed instructions allocate more relevance to the process of writing and the dynamics of literary workshops. In a third period, comprising the latest years of our excursion, the emphasis is on the socialization of texts and the teaching of writing through project work. Through the analysis, we corroborate that the published materials in each period offer different social representations of writing and the involved subjects, so much so that they promote given knowledge and skills, while avoiding others. Finally, we provide some thoughts on the challenges that, currently, face the teaching of writing at schools.
The purpose of this work is to review the perspectives related to the teaching of writing in high schools throughout five decades, from 1960 to 2010, in Argentina. In order to narrow the theoretical framework, and considering the difficulties associated to the analysis of classroom practices, we focus our study on the instructions for literary writing in high school textbooks. Through the analysis, we account for three prototypical historical models in the teaching of writing, associated not only to changes produced by curriculum reforms, but also to different scenarios in the publishing industry. In a first period, encompassing textbooks published until the mid 1980’s, we find instructions that put forward the teaching of the “composition” (essay writing) and the imposition of models to follow. In a second period, involving textbooks published after the establishment of democracy and characterized with nodular changes in the conception of written production, the analyzed instructions allocate more relevance to the process of writing and the dynamics of literary workshops. In a third period, comprising the latest years of our excursion, the emphasis is on the socialization of texts and the teaching of writing through project work. Through the analysis, we corroborate that the published materials in each period offer different social representations of writing and the involved subjects, so much so that they promote given knowledge and skills, while avoiding others. Finally, we provide some thoughts on the challenges that, currently, face the teaching of writing at schools.
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