Efecto de cultivos de cobertura en la emergencia de Polygonum aviculare L
; Yanniccari, Marcos Ezequiel 
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Fecha
2023
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Ciencias de las Malezas
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IV Congreso Argentino de Malezas
Fecha del evento
2023-09-14
Institución organizadora
Asociación Argentina de Ciencias de las Malezas
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Español
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Resumen
Los cultivos de cobertura (CC) modifican la calidad de la luz y generan fluctuaciones de temperatura que influyen directamente en la emergencia de las malezas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la cobertura vegetal de diferentes mezclas de cultivos de servicio sobre la dinámica de emergencia de Polygonum aviculare L. en dos períodos consecutivos (2019 y 2020). Se realizaron recuentos quincenales de la emergencia de la especie en marcos fijos de 0,25 m2 dispuestos en diferentes combinaciones de CC: (i) mezclas simples, conformadas por gramíneas (avena ó centeno) y leguminosas (vicia villosa ó sativa) o (ii) mezclas complejas, conformadas por mezclas simples + colza. Se determinó el tiempo medio de emergencia (TME),como el número de días donde se registró el 50% de la emergencia, el total de plántulas emergidas durante el ciclo de los CC y la cobertura vegetal (CV) de cada mezcla a los60 días después de la siembra. Se realizaron análisis de correlaciones simples entre las variables evaluadas. El diseño experimental fue en bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los resultados obtenidos indican una reducción del TME a mayor CV en 2019 (r= -0,37; p=0,04) y 2020 (r= -0,46; p=0,02). Asimismo, en este último año, el total de emergencias registradas se redujo al aumentar la CV (r= -0,44; p=0,01).Lograr una CV abundante (entre un 40-50 o más %) de forma anticipada produjo una emergencia concentrada de la especie a principios del ciclo y se relacionó con una mayor supresión del total de nacimientos en 2020. Estos resultados evidencian que el patrón de emergencia de P. aviculare fue directamente influenciado por la CV temprana de las diferentes mezclas de CC.
Cover crops (CC) modify light quality and temperature fluctuations, having a direct influence on weeds emergence. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the vegetation cover of different mixtures of service crops on the emergence dynamics of Polygonum aviculare L. in two consecutive periods (2019 and 2020). Fortnightly emergence counts of the species were carried out in fixed frames of 0.25 m2 arranged in different combination of CC: simple mixtures formed to grasses (oat and rye) and legumes (hairy or common vetch) or complex mixtures formed by simple mixtures+ rapeseed. Mean time to emergency (MTE) was determined, as the number of days where 50% of the emergency was recorded, the total number of seedlings emerged during the CC cycle and vegetation cover (VC) of each mixture at 60 days after sowing. Simple correlation analyzes were performed between the variables evaluated. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four repetitions. The results obtained show a reduction of the MTE with greater VC in 2019 (r= -0.37; p=0.04) and 2020 (r= -0.46; p=0.02). Likewise, in this last year, total number of registered emergences decreased as the VC increased (r= -0.44; p=0.01). Achieving an abundat VC (between 40-50% or more) in advance produced a concentrated emergence of the species at the beginning of the cycle and was linked to increased suppression of total weed emergence in 2020. These results show that the emergence pattern of P. aviculare was directly influenced by early VC of the different CC mixtures.
Cover crops (CC) modify light quality and temperature fluctuations, having a direct influence on weeds emergence. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the vegetation cover of different mixtures of service crops on the emergence dynamics of Polygonum aviculare L. in two consecutive periods (2019 and 2020). Fortnightly emergence counts of the species were carried out in fixed frames of 0.25 m2 arranged in different combination of CC: simple mixtures formed to grasses (oat and rye) and legumes (hairy or common vetch) or complex mixtures formed by simple mixtures+ rapeseed. Mean time to emergency (MTE) was determined, as the number of days where 50% of the emergency was recorded, the total number of seedlings emerged during the CC cycle and vegetation cover (VC) of each mixture at 60 days after sowing. Simple correlation analyzes were performed between the variables evaluated. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four repetitions. The results obtained show a reduction of the MTE with greater VC in 2019 (r= -0.37; p=0.04) and 2020 (r= -0.46; p=0.02). Likewise, in this last year, total number of registered emergences decreased as the VC increased (r= -0.44; p=0.01). Achieving an abundat VC (between 40-50% or more) in advance produced a concentrated emergence of the species at the beginning of the cycle and was linked to increased suppression of total weed emergence in 2020. These results show that the emergence pattern of P. aviculare was directly influenced by early VC of the different CC mixtures.
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